HEALTH PROMOTION

CMT05105
PROVIDE HEALTH EDUCATION TO KEY POPULATION ON RISK
BEHAVIOURS

Ms. Lucy Mathias

 Learning Objectives
By the end of the sessions, students are expected to be able to:
• Define terms
• Identify risk behaviors in each category of Key
Population
• Describe the risk behaviors of Key Population in relation
to HIV and other blood-borne diseases (HBV and HCV)
• Describe the risk reduction strategies
 Introduction
• Key Populations (KPs) are defined within the World Health
Organization (WHO) Global health sector strategy on HIV/AIDS
2011-2015 to include both vulnerable and populations who
have higher risk for HIV.
• They often have legal and social issues related to their
behaviours that increase their vulnerability to HIV.
 Introduction cont.…….
• Key populations are defined groups who, due to specific
higher-risk behaviours, are at increased risk of HIV irrespective
of the epidemic type or local context.
• Also, they often have legal and social issues related to their
behaviours that increase their vulnerability to HIV.
 Introduction cont.…..
• The following are major key populations according to WHO
– Men who have sex with men,
– People who inject drugs,
– People in prisons and other closed settings,
– Sex workers and
– Transgender people.
• People in prisons and other closed settings are included in
these guidelines also because of the often high levels of
incarceration of the other groups and the increased risk
behaviours and lack of HIV services in these settings.
 Introduction cont.….
• Vulnerable populations are groups of people who are
particularly vulnerable to HIV infection in certain situations or
contexts, such as adolescents (particularly adolescent girls in
sub-Saharan Africa), orphans, street children, people with
disabilities and migrant and mobile workers.
• These populations are not affected by HIV uniformly across all
countries and epidemics.
 Risk behaviours in each category
• Risky behaviors are those that potentially expose people to
harm, or significant risk of harm which will prevent them
reaching their potential.
• Examples
Cigarette smoking, alcoholism, multiple sexual partners, illegal
substance use, dangerous driving, Prostitution etc.
 People who use drugs (PWUD)
• PWUD are those that consume psychoactive drugs, and often,
even more specifically, illicit drugs, or other drugs of which
there is non-medical use.
• Risk behaviors: drug abuse, Un protected sexual intercourse,
alcoholism
 Sex Workers
• Female, male and transgender adults and young people (18
years of age and above) who receive money or goods in
exchange for sexual services, either regularly or occasionally
• Risk behaviors: Un protected sexual intercourse, drug abuse,
multiple sexual partners, alcoholism, ciggarette smoking
 Men who have sex with men
• Males who have sex with other males, regardless of the
motivation for engaging in sex or identification with any or no
particular ‘community’.
• It is important to ensure that the key focus of a definition of
men who have sex with men remains those behaviours which
are known to directly increase the risk of HIV infection –
notably, unprotected anal sex
• Risk behaviors: Un protected sexual intercourse, drug abuse,
multiple sexual partners, alcoholism, homosexual etc.
 Transgender people
• Persons whose gender identity and expression does not conform
to the norms and expectations traditionally associated with the
sex assigned to them at birth.
• Transgender people may identify as transgender women (also
male-to female or MTF) or transgender men (also female-to-
male or FTM), who may engage in heterosexual or homosexual
practices, or who may be polysexual or voluntarily asexual
• Risk behaviors: Un protected sexual intercourse, drug
abuse, homosexual etc.
 Prisoners
• All those confined to prisons or confined settings, including
adults and juveniles, during crime investigation, while awaiting
trial, after conviction, before sentencing and after sentencing.
• Risk behaviors: drug abuse, Unprotected sexual intercourse,
homosexuality etc.
 Comprehensive Package of Services for KPs

• This is the process of rendering services for KP in a full

set of interventions recommended for example;
• Offering care and treatment services,
• Counseling and testing,
• PMTCT,
• Community based interventions as well as,
• Information Change Communication at one setting,
Key Components of a Comprehensive Package of Services

• Engaging key population-led organizations and leaders in the design,

development, implementation and evaluation of effective programming
• Identifying target populations and locales and comprehensively assessing
risk and service access
• Diagnosing HIV service gaps and identifying barriers to HIV services
• Scaling up successful approaches
• Innovating to ensure the most strategic use of resources and access to newly
emerging technologies
• Addressing structural barriers that limit access to services
• Ensuring key populations interventions are sustainable over the long term
 ASSIGNMENT 2
• Describe the risk behaviors of Key Population in
relation to HIV and other blood-borne diseases
(HBV and HCV)
Thank you!