LESSON 4:

Disasters from
Different
Perspectives
Subtitle
 What do I know??
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call to an incident or natural disaster that

causes the general public to suffer significant damage?

a. Demonstration
b. Disaster
c. pollution
d. war
 What do I know??
2. Which among the following is NOT an example of
psychological effect of a disaster?

a. anxiety
b. bereavement
c. depression
d. hunger
 What do I know??
3. Which perspective of a disaster that shows how the
government assesses, manages, and mitigates the
effects of a disaster?

a. biological
b. economic
c. socio-cultural
d. political
 What do I know??
4. Which perspective of a disaster that stresses on the
significance of culture in developing a disaster resilient
personality among the inhabitants in a certain
community?

a. biological
b. economic
c. socio-cultural
d. political
 What do I know??
5. What do you call to the spread of disease across a
country or around the world?

a. academic
b. epidemic
c. pandemic
d. prolific
 What do I know??
6. Which of the following is NOT an example of the
physical effects of a disaster?
a. injuries
b. physical disability
c. sanitation
d. unemployment
 What do I know??
7. How can a set of prevailing community traits help
people fight the effects of a disaster?

a. It gives them a sense of hope.

b. It gives them a sense of pride.
c. It gives them a sense of identification.
d. It gives them a sense of cooperation.
 What do I know??
8. Which among the following is NOT a disaster?

a. COVID-19 Pandemic
b. Taal Volcano eruption
c. typhoon crossing the Pacific Ocean
d. flashflood in Tacloban and their neighboring towns
 What do I know??
9. How can great damage from a disaster be prevented?

a. It can be prevented through sufficient funding.

b. It can be prevented through rigid information
campaign.
c. It can be prevented through strong implementation of
rules.
d. It can be prevented through accurate assessment an
preparations.
 What do I know??
10. What do you call to the incidence of communicable
disease in a community at a given time?

a. academic
b. epidemic
c. pandemic
d. prolific
 What do I know??
11. Which among the perspectives of disaster is normally
left untreated?

a. economic perspective
b. physical perspective
c. psychological perspective
d. socio-cultural perspective
 What do I know??
12. Which of the following is the best description of a
disaster?
a. illogical
b. irretrievable
c. unchangeable
d. unpredictable
 What do I know??
13. What happens when there is a supplementary
politics to deal with the effects of a disaster?

a. There will be unity in diversity.

b. There will be equal allocation of help.
c. There will be effective measures to reduce damages.
d. There will be effective delivery of humanitarian
assistance.
 What do I know??
14. How can you best help the country’s fight against
COVID19?

a. I can volunteer as a frontliner.

b. I can practice health protocols.
c. I can donate cash and/or goods to the needy.
d. I can wave cash assistance or goods from the
government.
 What do I know??
15. How can you best prepare yourself for a disaster?
a. Know what to do and who to trust.
b. Be vigilant and have disaster plan.
c. Prepare for the worst-case scenario.
d. Believe government disaster measures
Disasters
(JMF)
What are the different perspectives of Disaster??
 Physical Perspective

Psychological Perspective

Perspectives of Political Perspective

Disaster:
(PPPEBS) Economic Perspective

Biological Perspective

Socio-cultural Perspective
 Physical Perspective

Physical damage in a community infrastructure, its

people and their properties.
easily measured and the most common
generally affects physical infrastructural facilities,
agricultural productivity, damage of properties even lead to
loss of life
Effects of Physical Disasters

sanitation
Injuries

Physical Damage
disabilities in
or illness infrastructure
 Psychological Perspective

 victims may suffer from PSTD (Post Traumatic

Stress Disorder) and other serious mental health
condition.
 leave the victims in a state of shock
Victims tend to deny the loss and try to escape
from reality
 Psychological effects of a Disaster

helplessness

distress lack of trust

guilt feeling hopelessness
hatred/revenge emotional effects
intrusion/avoidance cognitive Effects
dependence/insecurities physical Effects
grief/withdrawn/isolation interpersonal effect
 Socio-cultural Perspective

involves social and cultural factors

 ‘’ malalampasan din natin to’’, ‘’bahala na ang diyos’’
syndrome

Such attitudes, beliefs or help from someone

of from God helps most people survive a lot
of oddities in life
Socio-Cultural Effect of Disasters. . .

change in individual roles

disruption of social relationships and personal connections

 Economic Perspective

 reduce local and international trade

partially or totally paralyze a country’s
transportation system
E.g implementation of a partial and total shut
down of local business operations result to a lot
of people losing means of living
Economic Effects of Disasters . . .

unemployment
loss of life
loss of public
infrastructure

loss of
household loss of loss of crops
articles property
 Political Perspective

disasters can have major consequences for

political stability and political legitimacy
Since agencies of government have a significant
role to play in directing disaster preparedness,
prevention and recovery.
Political Effects of a Disaster . .
People who have trust in political institution will assess the
government’s risk assessments as credible and accept their
hazard policies (Johnson 1999)
Low level of trust in public institutions therefore means that
citizens may ignore the recommendations and disregard the
information provided by these institutions (McCaffey 2004)
If individuals are confident that they will receive sufficient aid
from the government when a disaster occurs, they might not
be motivated to take measures on their own (King and Kang
2000).
 Biological Perspective

disturbing effects caused by a prevalent kind of disease or

virus in an epidemic or pandemic level

a) Epidemic Level- affects large numbers of people within a

given community or area. (e.g Dengue)
b) Pandemic Level-affects a much large region, sometime
spanning entire continents or the globe. (e.g Swine flu,
COVID 19)
Effects of Biological Disasters . .

loss of unemployment negative

lives economic
public effect
hunger
demobilization
ACTIVITY time!!
Direction 1: Watch a video from the Youtube, entitled Philippines’
President Threatens to shoot dead corona virus lockdown troublemaker
using the following link/URL: or read the articl.
Direction 2: Read and answer the ff based on the video you have
watched or from the article you have just read.
1. Based on the video/article, what perspective/s of disaster does
it imply?
2. What do you think are the significant needs of the people in the
video/article?
3. Do you agree with the perspective of the President in mitigating
the effect/s of the disaster?
4. Suppose you have the authority to give suggestion/s to the
President in reducing the impacts of the disaster in the video,
what advice will you give him? Justify your answer.
5. What do you think is the role of the government in qualifying the
effects of a disaster?
Direction: Study the case then answers the question below.

Tajima is an earthquake victim. She manages to save all his family

members from the wraths of the disaster. Though she is mentally tough, all
her resources are already gone.
If you were to rank the following needs of Tajima from the most
important to the least important, how would you arrange the following needs?
Justify your answer.

FOOD
COUNSELLING
HOME
MEDICINE
WORK
 LESSON 5:
Vulnerability
Direction: Spot the hazard
 Vulnerability

- is a state of being at risk

- RA 10121 (Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act
of 2010’’), the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or
resource that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. With
all the identified hazard at home, there is a possibility that some family
members might be susceptible or prone to the accident due to the presence
of hazard
- is also situation specific
 How to lessen vulnerability??
- make the community prepared and ready for the possible damaging
effect of the hazard
- make the community less vulnerable, it must be resilient
-develop resiliency at home, you should first identify the hazards and
be prepared all the time for the possible outcome and respond
immediately
Nick and Gary who were neighbors are both students of Looc National High
School. Due to the forecasted typhoon the night before, some waited for the
announcement of classes suspension. Unfortunately, there was no
announcement. Nick decided to go to school bringing his books, notebooks, and
laboratory materials. On the other hand, Gary also decided to go to school
bringing not only his books, notebooks, and laboratory materials but also
flashlight, whistle, and some supplies of food and water. Due to bad weather,
the school janitor blocked off the entrances and exits because the grounds were
flooded. So, Nick and Gary were stranded in a covered court near the school.
Both were trying to call their family, but the signal’s down.

1. Who do you think is more vulnerable? Nick or Gary? Why do you think so?
Nick and Gary who were neighbors are both students of Looc National High
School. Due to the forecasted typhoon the night before, some waited for the
announcement of classes suspension. Unfortunately, there was no
announcement. Nick decided to go to school bringing his books, notebooks, and
laboratory materials. On the other hand, Gary also decided to go to school
bringing not only his books, notebooks, and laboratory materials but also
flashlight, whistle, and some supplies of food and water. Due to bad weather,
the school janitor blocked off the entrances and exits because the grounds were
flooded. So, Nick and Gary were stranded in a covered court near the school.
Both were trying to call their family, but the signal’s down.

2. In the story presented about Nick and Gary, what were the actions taken by
one student that made him less vulnerable to flood? What were the reasons
why the other student became more vulnerable?
 3. Could it be possible that both students are exposed
to the same hazard, but they can have different level of
vulnerability? Explain how

4. Based from the story, is vulnerability situation

specific or hazard specific? Explain.
Inspection Time!! Direction: Since being safe and protected is the number one
GOAL of every family, let us conduct an ocular inspection of your house and
backyard to ensure your family’s safety against hazards and disasters. Follow
the steps below:
1. Tour around your house including the backyard and assess if there is/ are
hazards observed in your house.
2. As much as possible, make a list of all the hazards that you will be observed.
3. Using all the hazards that you listed, determine what could be the possible
events that may put you and your family at risks
4. Who among the family members are prone or susceptible to the listed
hazards?
5. Identify the reasons why that member of that family is vulnerable.
LESSON 6: Vulnerability in Disaster
Population density near a hazard event.
Population vs. population density
Population- number of individuals inhabiting in a particular space at the same
time
If people are well distributed, there is lesser effect of disaster
Population density - number of individuals living in
an area in relation to the size of an area. If, PD is high, means number of
individuals is high but the space is very small. So, it very vulnerable to
hazards.

Therefore, the primary consideration is the population density.

 Capacity and efficiency to reduce Disaster Risk

Community that is less vulnerable has the capacity to reduce

disaster risk because;
1.provide accessibility and availability of services and
facilities during and after disaster.
2. has the ability to anticipate, adapt, and respond to
possible disaster.
Is it appropriate to say that The Philippines is less
vulnerable to typhoon??
Say P if it is due to population density and
say C if it is due to sector’s capacity and efficiency to reduce disaster risk.
1. Tondo community during the total lockdown due to COVID-19
pandemic wherein the families are forced to stay inside their
houses that are too small for the number of family members.
2.Use of drones to disinfect the community in Pasig City to prevent
the spread of the COVID-19 virus.
Read the given situation then answer the questions that follow.
You are the barangay captain of Brgy. Canlubang. Your response team is
deployed, and you have your radio with you. Reports are streaming-in for
assistance and relief goods. Mobile patrols are having a difficult time going
around due to lack of accessible barangay roads. At the same time, the
barangay is heavily populated so there was a shortage of response vehicles to
assist the
victims and deliver relief goods to the evacuation area.
1.What do you think are the possible problems being faced byBarangay
Canlubang? Give three (3) possible problems.
2.In this kind of situation, what do you think is the liability of the the
local officials? National government?
3. Suggest three (3) possible solutions based on your identified
LESSON 7 : Vulnerabilities of
Different
Elements Exposed to Hazards
 Economic
vulnerability

Social vulnerability
Elements
exposed to
Physical
hazzard
vulnerability

Environmental
vulnerability
 includes population density level, place of settlement, the site design
and materials used in infrastructure and housing
When hazardous events occur, normally physical elements are
severely damaged
inability of people, organization, and societies to prevent severe effects from
hazards because of the expected behavior in social interactions, institutions,
and system of cultural values.
e.g
Line of communications were cut off
Disruption of transport system – inability of small vehicles to pass through the
flooded areas
based on the economic status of individuals, communities, and nations
 the poorer the country, the more vulnerable to disasters because they lack the
funds or budgets to build sturdy structures and put other engineering measures
in place which protect them from being affected by disasters

Both countries are exposed to

earthquake (pacific ring of fire) but
Ph is more vulnerable and Japan
is more resilient
caused by natural resources depletion and destruction
Organisms like humans, animals, and plants are all
dependent on the environment for survival
Human activities like deforestation, burning of fossil fuels,
and kaingin affect the natural abilities of the environment
( leads to landslide or flashfloods) sometimes effect are
irreversible.
Reasons why Philippines has a high vulnerability

 lies in the Pacific typhoon belt and we are visited by an average of 20

typhoons every year
Rugged nature of the landscape makes it vulnerable to landslide,
mudflows, and other disasters
It is an archipelagic country with many small islands where some areas
are at below sea level.
has the longest shoreline in the world at 32,400 km making it vulnerable
to storm surges.
Reasons why Philippines has a high vulnerability

is still a primary agricultural and fishing economy

With poor institutional and social capacity to manage, respond, and
recover from natural hazard events.
With high level of poverty
Aside from typhoon, it is also at risk to volcanic eruptions, quakes, and
floods
Direction: Classify the following phrases and sentences whether it is
PHYSICAL, SOCIOECONOMICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL
VULNERABILITY.

1. shutdown of telecommunication tower

2. houses built near fault lines
3. denudation of forests
4. rest houses near Boracay shoreline
5. Twenty-story building constructed on soil mainly made up of
clay.
Direction The following is a situational statement. Identify 3
elements that are vulnerable in the said situation.
You are a secondary student. You are stranded in your
school building. They have blocked off the entrances and
exits because the grounds are flooded. You have been
trying to call your family and trying to get news on your
house, but the signal’s down. You have only gotten your
books, notebooks, and laboratory materials in your bag
and locker. What elements of vulnerability are present in
the situation?