Amity Institute Of Rehabilitation

Sciences

DYSGRAPHIA
DYSGRAPHIA
 Dysgraphia – with “dys” meaning “difficulty” and
“graphia” meaning “writing” is a specific learning
disability that affects children’s ability to write and use
written language to express their thoughts.

 Children with this problem may unable to execute the

motor movements, lacks eye hand coordination and
visual discrimination
It is difficult to write!

 Forsome students with dysgraphia it is actually difficult

to write. They may have an unusual grip and complain of
a sore hand. I imagine it is like writing with your non-
dominant hand.
CAUSES
Possible causes of dysgraphia include:
 Brain Damage;

 Brain Injury;

 Information processing and

 Maturational delay
SYMPTOMS
 Copying or writing is slow or laboured.
 Inefficient speed of copying.

 Poor spatial planning on paper.

 Misuse of lines and margins.

 Inconsistent form and size of letters, or unfurnished

letters.
 Crammed or unusual grip/may complain of sore hand.

 Excessive erasers.

 Difficulty thinking and writing at the same time

 Inconsistent spacing.
REMEDIAL STRATEGIES FOR
WRITING PROBLEMS

Several remedial methods are designed for students with

writing problems. But before teaching writing to them, it
is important to see that these children are equipped with
readiness skills dot. In other words, the child should be
able to connect dots on the paper, perform hand
movement such as up, down, left right, draw a vertical
and a horizontal line and draw different geometrical
shapes such as a circle or a line.
Remedial Strategy cont..
The remedial strategies for writing problems include:

 Multisensory approach:
This method is affective when the child is able to coordinate information
received from various senses and develop a holistic concept.
This approach is usually used in teaching letter forms. It includes the
following stages:
o The teacher/parents shows the student the letter or words to be written.
o The teacher/parents says aloud the letter name and its strokes directions such
as first we go up and then we go down.
o The child traces the letter with his finger and also reads it aloud.
o The child then traces the letter with his pencil.
o The child then copies the letter on the paper.
 Cont..
 Model Method:
The stages in this method are:
o The letter ‘model’ is first presented in dark, heavy lines.
o The child traces the ‘model’ with his finger.
o Gradually portions of models are removed.
o The student then traces the ‘model’ with his finger.
o The ‘model’ is then finally removed and the student writes the
letter independent of the ‘model’.
Cont..
Material to aid children with writing problem:
A simple way to teach writing to a child with a help of a
picture would be-
 Project Picture on the board.

 Label objects in the picture.

 Ask the child to read the word.

 The child may also be asked to say a story regarding the

picture and then write it, or the child maybe asked to use
the object labeled in the picture in sentences.
SOME ACTIVITIES ENHANCING
WRITING SKILLS
 Action Cards

 Say what you see cards

 Sequential cards

 Classification of objects
ACCOMMODATION
The following accommodation can help a student with
dysgraphia to be successful in your class:
 Tape recorder for lectures.

 Provide notes to reduce the amount of writing.

 Reduce copying aspect of work (pre-printed math

problems).
 Allow the use of graph papers.

 Provide alternative to written assignments.

Cont..
 Check the arm movement of the child.
 For pencil grip the wrist should rest on the paper. Only
the finger should move and the hand must not move from
the point.
 For correct posture the back should be erect and the
shoulders should be relaxed.
 Involve the children to draw patterns. This will help them
to deal with the problem.
RESOURCES
 Learning Disability Association of America
www.ldaamerica.org
 National Centre for Learning Disability

www.ncld.org
THANK YOU!!!