MECHANICAL

FUNCTIONS
OF HEART.
-POOJA MARIA IRUDAYA SUBASH
INTRODUCTION

▪ Each action potential (electrical activity) in heart muscle followed

by contraction (mechanical activity).
▪ The mechanical aspects of heart function relate to the :
▪ Changes in cardiac pressure
▪ Volume that lead to ejection of blood during each heart beat
CARDIAC CYCLE

▪ The cardiac cycle is defined as a sequence of alternating

contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles in order to
pump blood throughout the body.
▪ It starts at the beginning of one heartbeat and ends at the
beginning of another.
▪ Each cardiac cycle has a diastolic phase (also called diastole)
where the heart chamber is in a state of relaxation and fills with
blood that receives from the veins.
▪ A systolic phase (also called systole) where the heart chambers
are contracting and pumps the blood towards the periphery via the
arteries.
CARDIAC CYCLE

8.ATRIAL SYSTOLE:
▪ Also known as atrial kick ,contributes only 30% of filling of ventricles.
▪ Heart sound –S4

1.ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION:
▪ Purpose of this phase is to open aortic and pulmonary valve.
▪ Rise in pressure cause closure of mitral and tricuspid valve(heart
sound-S1)
▪ The pressure above 80 mm Hg cause opening of aortic valve.
CARDIAC CYCLE

2.RAPID EJECTION PHASE :

▪ 81-120 mm Hg - 2/3rd of Stroke volume ejection.

3.SLOW EJECTION PHASE:

▪ 120-80 mm Hg – 1/3rd of Stroke volume ejection.

EJECTION CLICK- Rapid ejection blood from ventricles to aorta.

CARDIAC CYCLE

DIASTOLE:
4.PROTODIASTOLE:
▪ First stage of ventricular diastole where pressure falls.
▪ When ventricular pressure becomes less than aorta and pulmonary
artery , semilunar valves close.(S2 heart sound).
5.ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION:
▪ Both AV and Semilunar valves are closed now , the pressure inside
ventricles falls without any change in volume (isovolumetric).
▪ The pressure inside the ventricles falls below atrium ,AV valves open.
▪ This phase ends by opening of AV valves.
CARDIAC CYCLE

6.RAPID VENTRICULAR FILLING:

▪ Opening of AV valves leads to rapid filling of ventricles(passive).
▪ This rapid inflow of blood vibrates ventricular walls and causes S3
heart sound(S3 is normally heard in children).
7.SLOW FILLING PHASE:
▪ Rate of ventricular filling declines.
▪ This phase is also called Diastasis.
▪ Least cardiac motion.
▪ Best time to visualise heart on echo.
CARDIAC OUTPUT,STROKE VOLUME AND HEART
RATE.

CARDIAC OUTPUT:
▪ It is the volume of blood pumped per unit time from a ventricle.
Cardiac output=heart rate *stroke volume
STROKE VOLUME:
▪ It is the volume of blood ejected by each beat of the heart.
▪ The mean stroke volume can be determined by dividing cardiac output by
heart rate.
HEART RATE:
▪ The number of times the ventricles contract and relax per minute.
▪ The normal resting heart rate among adults ranges from 60-100 BPM.
THANK YOU!
.