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The first example is a simple factual statement. The speaker participates in a swimming activity every week on
Tuesdays.
The second example uses the modal verb can. Notice how the meaning changes slightly. The speaker does not
swim every Tuesday; they’re saying they are capable of swimming every Tuesday if they need to. It’s
hypothetical.
Modal Verbs
When are modal verbs used?
Likelihood
Some things seem likely, but we don’t know for sure. In these cases, you can use
the modal verbs should and must to show probability without certainty.
Possibility
In situations when something is possible but not certain, use the modal verbs
could, may, or might.
Suggestion/advice
What if you want to recommend something, but not command it? If you’re
giving suggestions or advice without ordering someone around, you can use the
modal verb should.
Obligation or necessity
Habit
Will
Would
As a child, she _____ always write in her journal
before going to sleep.
Will
Would
Usually, in the morning, he _____ go for a run in the
park.
Will
Would
Usually, in the morning, he _____ go for a run in the
park.
Will
Would
Last summer, he would always take his dog for a walk
in the evening.
Will
Would
Last summer, he would always take his dog for a walk
in the evening.
Will
Would
Ability
We use can and can't to talk about someone's skill or general abilities:
We use can and can't to talk about the ability to do something at a specific
time in the present or future:
Could
Can
John _____ Speak German really well. He sounds
like a native.
Could
Can
When I was a boy, I _____ run 30 kilometers.
Could
Can
When I was a boy, I _____ run 30 kilometers.
Could
Can
The police searched the whole area but they _____
find her.
The police searched the whole area but they _____ not
find her.
I _____ hear the birds chirping early in the morning.
I _____ hear the birds chirping early in the morning.
_____ you play the guitar?
_____ you play the guitar?
I _____ juggle three balls at once, no mater how hard I
try.
Couldn’t
Can’t
I _____ juggle three balls at once, no mater how hard I
try.
Couldn’t
Can’t
He _____ jump over the fence when he was younger.
Couldn’t
Can’t
He _____ jump over the fence when he was younger.
Couldn’t
Can’t
I _____ bake delicious chocolate chip cookies, right
now.
Couldn’t
Can’t
I _____ bake delicious chocolate chip cookies, right
now.
Couldn’t
Can’t
Requests
We use could you … and would you … as polite ways of telling or asking
someone to do something:
In formal English, Shall will be used to explain and describe the events that
will happen in the future.
I help you Can?
I call you Shall on mobile your?
Offers and invitations
We sometimes say I can ... or I could ... or I'll (I will) ... to make an offer:
We can use you must … or we must … for a very polite invitation:
Shall
Would
Can
_____ I carry your bag for you?
Shall
Would
Can
_____ you like to go out tonight?
Shall
Would
Can
_____ you like to go out tonight?
Shall
Would
Can
_____ we start the lesson?
Shall
Would
Can
_____ we start the lesson?
Shall
Would
Can
Asking for permission
We use can to ask for permission to do something:
may is a more formal and polite way of saying that someone has
permission:
Would is the past tense form of will. Because it is a past tense, it is used:
We use would as the past of will, to describe past beliefs about the future:
to talk about typical behaviour, things that we often do (because we are willing to
do them):
• We always spend our holidays at our favourite hotel at the seaside. We'll get
up early every morning and have a quick breakfast then we'll go across the
road to the beach.
Dad will Perhaps lend the me car.
'Will' and ‘Would'
We use would as the past tense of will:
to talk about typical behaviour, things that we often did (because we were willing to do
them) in the past:
• When they were children they used to spend their holidays at their grandmother's at the
seaside. They'd get up early every morning and have a quick breakfast. Then they'd run
across the road to the beach.
'Will' and ‘Would'
Promises, offers and requests
Will
Would
They ___ come tomorrow.
Will
Would
If you knew Sara, you ___ probably like her.
Will
Would
If you knew Sara, you ___ probably like her.
Will
Would
My husband ___ arrive soon.
Will
Would
My husband ___ arrive soon.
Will
Would
I ___ be on time for class.
Will
Would
I ___ be on time for class.
Will
Would
He said he ___ read that book.
Will
Would
He said he ___ read that book.
Will
Would
What ___ like to eat, sir?
Will
Would
What ___ like to eat, sir?
Will
Would
Today ___ probably be a nice day for me.
Will
Would
Today ___ probably be a nice day for me.
Will
Would
Modal Verbs for Deduction/Conclusions:
We use must when we feel sure that something is true or it's the only
realistic possibility.
Example:
We use might, may or could to say that we think something is possible but
we're not sure.
Example:
• He can't have left already; his car is still in the parking lot.
• It can't be far now. We've been driving for three hours.
• It can't be easy for her, raising those three kids on her own.
lot He still have already; his can't car is
in left the parking.
can't It be driving now. far We've
three been for hours.
It be kids own easy for, those raising
can't three on her her.