HKAFO

OBJECTIVES

> WHAT IS HKAFO ?

> COMPONENTS OF HKAFO
> INDICATIONS
> TYPES
• STANDING FRAMES
• PARAPODIUM
• SWIWEL WALKERS
What is hkafo?
• Hip Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis is an orthosis whose components
stabilize or lock the hip-knee-anklefoot complex
• HKAFO tend to be much more cumbersome to use, more challenging
to don and doff, more expensive to fabricate, and requires more
maintenance.
• HKAFOs only partially restore functional mobility, often with high
energy cost
• HKAFO can be fabricated from different materials ( metals, carbon
components & thermoplastic).
• parallel bars, or on level surfaces with bilateral crutches
• solid frame or reciprocal (nonrolling) walker
COMPONENTS
• HKAFO is an extension of KAFO which contains-
• AFO
• Knee joint
• 2 uprights
• Calf band
• Quadrilateral thigh section
• Hip joint
• Pelvis band
AFO
• Most distal component of HKAFO, usually a solid ankle or a dorsiflexion
assist articulating AFO is used
• Set in few degrees of DF so that the tibia is directed forwards such that
the individuals weight line falls anterior to knee and posterior to hip in a
tripod standing with walker or crutch
KNEE JOINT
• Locked into extension
THERMOPLASTIC THIGH SECION
• Prevents torsional forces
HIP JOINTS
• Single axis HJ
• Double axis HJ Axis of HJ should be positioned anterior and proximal
to the GT to match the anatomical axis of hip joint
PELVIC BAND
• Positioned between the GT & the iliac crest
• It provides solid support to ASIS & PSIS
• Individual stands in tripod position with crutches 12-18 inches
forward with slightly increased lumbar lordosis.
• They use Head-Hip principle with shoulder joint as a pivot point.
• A quick forcefull pike (chin tuck with forward inclination of the trunk),
pushing down with the handles of the assistive device elevates the
lower extremity from the ground.
• Immediately followed by head-neck-back extension to throw the LE
forward for next initial contact.
WHEN IS AN HKAFO INDICATED?
• Prescribed for children with myelomeningocele & CP
• Paraplegic patients
• Those with progressive neuromuscular disorders eg-DMD, MS, Spina
bifida.