STATISTICS &

PROBABILITY
Objectives
: EASY TO CHANGE COLORS, PHOTOS.
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.

Find the critical value of t

EASY TO CHANGE COLORS, PHOTOS.
Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.

using the t- test formula

EASY TO CHANGE COLORS, PHOTOS.

Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed.
Glimpse from the Past
The t-distribution was also called Student’s t-
distribution. William Sealy Gosset formulated the t-
distribution
2017 in21908,
018 he 2is0 1 an
9 Irish2 brewing
020 employee
2021

who was involved in researching new methods of

manufacturing ale (type of beer). He published his
finding using the pseudonym Student because
brewing employees were not allowed to publish
findings. Hence, the t-distribution is sometimes
called Student’s t-distribution.
The following formula is used to convert any normal variable to its
corresponding t- value on a t-distribution.

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

where:
t = t-value n = sample size
𝑥̅ = sample mean s = sample standard deviation
𝜇 = population mean
Steps in solving t-value:
Step 1: Determine the observed sample mean, and
the 2 0theoretical
17 2018
population
2019
means
2020
specified.
2021
The
sample mean and population mean is denoted by x̄
and μ, respectively.

Step 2: Next, determine the standard deviation of

the sample, and it is denoted by s.
Steps in solving t-value:
Step 3: Next, determine the sample size, which is
the 2 0number
17 2of
0 1 8 data points
2019 in 2the
0 2 0 sample.
2 0 2 1 It is
denoted by n.

Step 4: Substitute all given values to the equation

and simplify.
EXAMPLE:

Find the t-value when , , and .

2017 2019 2020 2021

Therefore, the t- value is 2.667.

PRACTICE ACTIVITY:
Directions: In each of the following, samples of size n are
taken from a population with a population mean µ. Find the t-
value of the given sample means.
2017 2019 2020 2021

1. 𝜇 = 200, 𝑥̅ = 198, 𝑛 = 16, 𝑠 = 14

2. 𝜇 = 64.5, 𝑥̅ = 63, 𝑛 = 27, 𝑠 = 8.1
3. 𝜇 = 35, 𝑥̅ = 32, 𝑛 = 24, 𝑠 = 2.8
4. 𝜇 = 23, 𝑥̅ = 20, 𝑛 = 25, 𝑠 = 3.2
5. 𝜇 = 15, 𝑥̅ = 18, 𝑛 = 16, 𝑠 = 2.5
Directions: Solve the following problems.

1. A researcher gathers a plasma samples from

2017 2019 2020 2021
20 patients who recovered from COVID-19. He
conducts one-tailed t-test for a mean using an
alpha level of 0.05. Once he conducts his one-
tailed t-test and obtains a test statistics t, what
critical value should he compare t to?
Directions: Solve the following problems.

2. The average number of milligrams (mg) of

2017 2019 2020 2021
cholesterol in a serving of a certain brand of milk
tea is 660 mg. Assume the variable is normally
distributed. What is the t-value if a sample of 10
servings of milk tea selected has a sample mean
of 670 mg of cholesterol and the standard
deviation is 35 mg.?
Directions: Solve the following problems.

2017 2019 2020 2021

3. An electronic company claims that the average
life of the smartphone battery it manufactures is
14 hours What is the t-value if a random sample
of 25 smartphones chosen has a sample mean of
15 hours with a standard deviation of 3 hours. ?