Jimma University

Jimma Institute of Technology

A report of CBTP phase-one Demographic survey

and
problem Identification phase I

IF A BULA KEBELE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCDE

YEAR 2 FIRST SEMESTER

SECTION-01 GRROUP -2

Date:-April/17/2024
JIMMA,ETHIOPIA
 LIST OF STUDENS

NAME........................................................................ID NO

1 BINIYAM WORKU.................................................RU/0478/15

2 BIRUK LEMA........................................................RU0500/15

3 BUOMKUOTH JOHN..............................................RU2367/15

4 CHRISOPHER MALOK............................................RU2306/15

5 DAMILE MULUNA...................................................RU0578/15

6 DERARTU DEREJE...................................................RU0626/15

7 ELEMA HUKA.........................................................RU0688/15

8 GODANA DABASO....................................................RU0944/15

9 HUNDE ALEMAYEHU...............................................RU1090/15

10 TESHALE BEDANE..................................................RU2015/15

11 ENGIDU TEFERI.....................................................RU0721/15

12 YESHIMEBET WELDEYES US....................................RU2167/15

13 ILIYAS MOHAMMEDSANI.........................................RU1112/15

ADVISOR NAME :

Samuel S.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, we would like to express our great appreciation to Jimma University for providing the
Community Based training along our study curriculum so that we could get the opportunity to
search for problems of the community using, our skills and procedures . Secondly, we wish to
acknowledge the help provided by our advisor Mr. Samuel S. We also would like to offer our
special thanks to the community of Ifa bula Kebele and particularly to our respondents. indeed
Assistant provided by the Ifa bula Kebele administrative workers was greatly appreciated.
ABSTRACT
Community Based Education (CBE) is a means of achieving educational relevance to
community needs and consequently of implementing a community oriented education
program. Jimma University has implemented this program for the last several years to engage
and interact the students with the community and identify all aspects of problems. The general
objective of CBTP phase I is to identify the major problem of the community in the economic,
social and cultural aspects of Ifa Bula Kebele. The data collection in order to compile this
report is acquired through three major ways: those are questioners, interview and observation.
A questioner was the lead data collection tool for going to study a lone with unstructured
interview and personal observation. This is the sampling procedure for the selection of sample
from the entire population. The analysis about Income and assets, power/energy supply,
housing, transport and communication, waste disposal and occupational hazard of the target
community in summarized form of tables, graphs and charts with brief explanations including
materials we used. In the kebele, age group of 0-5 years covers the larger portion (36.25%)
whereas above 50 years covers lesser portion (12.5%.). in related to ethnicity, Oromo,
Amhara, kefa and Dawro accounts about 39.6%, 15% , 13.1% and 11.3% respectively.
ABBREVIATIONS

CBE Community Based Education CBTP:-

Community Based Training Program TTP :-

Team Training Program SRP :- Student

Research Program
 Contents

Chapter One

• Introduction................................................................................................................. 10

1.1 Background........................................................................................10

1.2 Strategies of CBE..........................................................................................................10

1.3 Background of the study Area...................................................................................11

1.3.1 Map of Ifa Bula Kebele........................................................................11

1.4 Objectives...................................................................................................................11
1.4.1 General Objectives...................................................................................................11
1.4.2 Specific Objectives.............................................................................................11
1.5 Methodology and materials.........................................................................................12
1.5.1Data source...................................................................................................................12

1.5.2 Materials used for data collection............................................................................12

1.5.3 Subject of the study...................................................................................................12
1.6 Method of data collection..............................................................................................12
1.6.1 Method of analysing..................................................................................................12
1.7 Procedure........................................................................................................................12
Chapter Two
Household socio-economic & demographic questions

2.1 Demographic

Compositions.............................................................................................14

2.1.1 Age status...................................................................................................................14

2.1.2 Educational
2.1.4 Marital Status 17
Status .........................................................................................................15

2.1.3

Religion .........................................................................................................................16
2.1.5 Occupation................................................................................................................17
2.1.6 Income and Asset............................................................................18

Chapter Three

Housing

3.1 Ownership of house.............................................................................................20

3.2 Wall of house.....................................................................................................20

3.3 Roof of house............................................................................................................21

3.4 Floor of house...............................................................................................................22

3.5 Ventilation.............................................................................................................23
3.6 Cleanliness........................................................................................24
3.7 Availability of kitchen...........................................................................25
3.8 Maintenance......................................................................................26

Chapter Four

Technology infrastructure and Utilities......................................................................28

4.1 Technology Infrastrucure........................................................................................28

4.1.1 Communication..................................................................................................28

4.1.1.1 Telephone..........................................................................................28
4.1.1.2 Availability of Telephone..................................................................28
4.1.2 Gazette Possession.............................................................................29
4.2 Utilities.............................................................................................30
4.2.1 Power and Energy Consumption.............................................................30
4.2.2 Electricity Usage.................................................................................32
Chapter five
Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................33
5.2 Recommendation....................................................................................33
References...............................................................................................................................34
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIG 2.1 Age Status.......................................................................14

FIG 2.2 Education Status................................................................16

FIG 2.3 Occupational Status............................................................18

FIG 2.4 Incoe and Asset.................................................................19

FIG 3.1 Owner of House................................................................20

FIG 3.2 Material of wall.................................................................21

FIG 3.3 Type of Roof....................................................................22

FIG 3.4 Floor Material...................................................................23

FIG 3.5 Ventilation Method............................................................24

FIG 3.6 Maintenance.....................................................................27

FIG 4.1 Availability of Telephone......................................................29

FIG 4.2 Gazette...........................................................................30

FIG 4.3 Power Consumption............................................................31

FIG 4.4 Electricity Usage................................................................32

 Chapter - One

Introduction
1.1 Background

Community Based Education (CBE) is a means of achieving educational relevance to

community needs and consequently of implementing a community oriented education
program. It consists of learning activities that use the community extensively as a learning
environment, in which not only students but also teachers, members of the community, and
other sectors are actively engaged throughout the educational experience.
CBE as an educational philosophy aims at developing professionals with problem
identification and solving skills and positive attitudes to serve the society. Jimma University is
the national pioneer of community based higher education. But through time other recently
established universities have adopted the philosophy.

1.2. Strategies of CBE

In order to realize the philosophy, Jimma University uses the following strategies:
1. Community Based Training Program (CBTP)
2. Team Training Program (TTP)
3. Student Research Program (SRP)
Community Based Training Program (CBTP)

CBTP is one of the strategies of CBE, where beginning from year I, students go to the
community in a group and are attached for a certain period of time every academic year and
engage themselves the learning activities. The same group of students will be assigned to the
same locality so that knowing the exact problems of the locality; students can make a
difference by working together with the community and stakeholders.
1.3. Background of the study Area
Ifa bula Kebele is located in Oromia region Jimma zone, it is an urban Kebele with estimated
population of 4,820 peoples.
1.3.1 MAP OF IFA BULA KEBELE

1.4. Objectives
The general and specific objectives of the CBTP program, specifically of Demographic
Survey and Problem Identification phase are listed as follows:

1.4.1. General Objective

The general objective of CBTP phase I is to Identify the community problem in the economic,
social and cultural aspects of Ifa Bula kebele.

1.4.2 Specific Objectives

• Encouraging students to recognize salient features of the community.

• Examining and identifying the existing problem in the community.
 Identifying possible factors that brought the problem in the community.
Investigating the economic and social characteristics of the study area such as
financial income, housing, energy supply and communication.

1.5. Methodology and materials

1.5.1 Data source

We had two major data sources for this survey report: the first and major data source is the
community, specifically our responders. The second data source of our investigation is the
Kebele leaders, who have cooperatively provided us with all the information we required.
1.5.2 Materials used for data collection
The list of materials we utilized for our demographic survey is provided as follows:
• Rough paper and questioner
• Pen and pencil

1.5.3 Subject of the study

The area assigned to our group was the Ifa bula Kebele area. We have tried to collect the
necessary data using random method of selection to avoid biased conclusion.

1.6 Method of data collection

The data collected in order to compile this report is acquired through three major ways: those
are questioners, interview and observation.
1.6.1 Method of analyzing
We have analyzed the collected data by grouping in their respective sections and summarizing
the corresponding numeric figures in tables. Then we translated the summarized data into
presentable form using tables, graphs and charts.

1.7 Procedure

The general procedure applied on the preparation of this report can be summarized as
follows:
• We questioned the assigned community in a sub group of four students.
• We used the questioner given by our advisor.

• After a day of questioning and investigating, we gathered a total of 13

household (.... Family) data.
• We analysed and interpreted these data in a consecutive meetings and group
discussions.
• We finally write the draft of the report and finalize it after group discussion
and inspection of our supervisor.

Limitation to the study

• The unfavourable condition of the road due to mud and flood water over the
road
• Unwillingness of the community
• Failure of the respondents to give reliable data.
• Difficulty to identify the topography of the area.
• Difficulty to get into residences because of domestic animals. Eg: Dogs.
 Chapter Two
Household socio-economic &
demographic questions
2.1. Demographic Compositions

2.1.1. Age status

During the survey, the age status data collected of the sample house hold in the four categories
of children (0-5 age group), youth (6-18 age group), adult (19-50 age group) and the elderly
(50+ age group ) with the significant proportion of the younger age group is shown in the
following graph.
Table 2.1 Age Status

Age Category Number Percent (%)

0-5 29 36.25

6-18 25 31.25

19-50
16 20
>50 10
12.5

Total
80 100
 Fig 2.1 Age Status

Looking at the age structure of sample household of Ifa bula Kebele of Jimma town,
a number of interesting observations can be made. The first is the remarkable
proportion of the child and young age group. The child age group i.e. (age of 0-5)
has accounted 36.25% of the total sample population and together with the youth (6-
18 years) made up 31.25%. The working age of adult population (19-50 years) has a
share of 20% of the sample household population while the elderly (age of 50+)
make up 12.5%.

The age structure on sex based categorization shows a mixed pattern. At the child
category, the number of females in the sample household exceeds the number of
males. This may be due to female favoured natural selection or more number of
female migrations to the kebele than male among other several factors. This pattern
is the same for adult (6-18 years) and youth (19-50) age groups. The only exception
being observed in the elders age group (+50 years) where male in the sample
household totally outnumber that of female.

The other point to note from the age distribution is the proportion of economically
dependent population in the sample household, i.e. the proportion of non-working
population (due to age) relative to the working age sample population based on the
assumption that the working age spans the (19-50 years) age group and the non-
working population are of elderly and child age groups.

2.1.2. Educational Status

In the urban phenomenon, the households tend to consider education as perhaps the
only way to escape mechanism from poverty and means to a better future. Thus of
the sample households have enjoyed getting participation at all levels of education
system in order to contribute to society’s progress.

Table 2.2 level of Educaion

 Level of education Number of people Percent (%)
Uneducated 36 45

kg-4 15 18.75

5-8 10 12.5
9-12 15 18.75

College/imiversity 3 3.75
Graduates 1 1.25

Total
80 100

number of peoplepercent
90
80
70 ,
O 6<
Z
50
40

30
20 10
o-

Jr K° .5? A°
&
«er
4* \0
LEVEL OF EDUCATION

Fig. 2.2 Educational status by level of schooling

Attendants of middle school numbering (KG-8) 25 which constitute

31.25% , high school numbers (9-12) 15 which constitute 18.75% and
number of who has diploma 3 which constitute 3.75% while participation
at the degree/masters is limited to only 1 making up 1.25% of the total
sample households. But 36 peoples out of the total 80 sample population
making up 45% have been found illiterate or lacking any form of formal
2.1.3 Religion
basic education.
According to the total household surveyed, 2(15%) profess Orthodox Christianity while 8
(62%) stated Muslim as their religion. With Protestant claiming 2(15%) and the balance
1(8%) is accounted for by Catholic religion.
2.1.4 Marital Status
The marital status of a surveyed households are depicted in the following table and figure.
Table 2.3 Marital Status
Marital Status Number Percent (%)

Single 40 50

Married 32 40

Widowed 5 6.25

Divorced 3 3.75

Total
80 100

Of the surveyed households 32 or (40%) described as being married, while 40 or (50%) stated
as single. All the more so 5 or (6.25%) stated as widowed and the remaining 3(3.75%)
household happen to be divorced or separated.

2.1.5 Occupation
We classify in to seven types of occupations in Ifa Bula kebele according to:
• Farmers
• Merchants (shopkeepers and butchery)
• Laborers (shoeshine, cleaner, wood worker, waiter, security)
• Employees (teachers, managers, officer, nurse, pharmacist etc....)
• Unemployed (retired house wives..)
Table 2.4 Occupaion

Occupation Number of people Percent (%)

Fanner 2 2.5
Merchant 5 6.25
Labor 12 15
Employed 5 6.25
Students 44 55
Unemployed 9 11.25
Other 3 3.75
Total 80 100
 Fig 2.3 Occupational Status

• 2.1.6. Income and Asset

Many of the people that we have surveyed are working different private and
group business. About 66.25% of the total population gets their annual
income ranging from less than 1000 birr, 21.25% ranges from 1000 to 2000
and the remaining 12.5%
Table 2.5 Income and Asset

Annual income Number of people Percent

0-1000 53 65.25

1000-2000 17 21.25

>2000 10 12.5
 Annual income and asset of
community
60
_
Chart Area

ANNUAL INCOME

■ number of people PColumnl BColumn2

Fig 2.4 Income an Asset

 CHAPTER THREE

HOUSING
3.1 Ownership of Houses

House is one of the basic needs. Our data indicates that most of our survey population lives in
their own house. About 61% lives in their own house, 31% lives in rented house and 8% lives
in other houses
Table 3.1 Ownership of House
House type Number of houses Percent (%)
Private 8 61
Rental 4 31
Others 1 8
Totalj 13
100

Fig 3.1 owner of house

3.2.Wall
 As most of the Ethiopian houses, the wall of more than half of the houses in this
kebele is built from mud. The mud constitutes 54%, 31% brick, and 0% stone 15%
wood. Table 3.2 Materials of Wall

Materials Number of houses Percent (%)

Mud 7 54
Brick/Concrete 4 31
Stone 0 0
Wood 2 15
Total 13 100

Fig 3.2 Material of wall

• 3.3 Roof

As statistical result shows the roofs of most houses are constructed from corrugated
iron sheet. This indicates about 92% of the houses are covered by Corrugated iron
sheet.

Table 3.3 Type o Roof

 Roof type Number Percent (%)

92
Corrugated iron sheet
12

Roof Thatched
1 8

TotalSS 13
100

Fig 3.3 Type of Roof

• 3.4 Floor
There are some possible floor materials used by the community. These are concrete, mud and
wood. From which concrete is the dominant material taking 62%, mud cover 31% and 8% is
wood.
 Graph of floor materials
14 13

TYPES OF FLOOR

Number of houses Column!

Fig 3.4 floor material

Table 3.4 Floor Material

Floor type Number of houses Percent (%)

Mud 8 62

Concrete 4 31

Other 1 8

Total 13 100

3.5. Ventilation
Ventilation is the way in which the condition of enclosed space is controlled by ventilation
device in order to get the quality of the air necessary for the health of the residents of the
house. Doors, windows, ventilators and other mechanisms are used to provide the fresh air.

Table 3.5 Ventilation Method

 Ventilation method Number of house Percent (%)

Door 9 69

ventilator 3 23

Ventilation
1 8

ventilation method

8
% ■■pwr--.
23%

69%

t Door Ventilator Ventilation

Fig 3.5 Ventilation Method

3.6 Cleanliness

The cleanliness of houses indicates the present state of the house. In our case, the cleanliness
of most of the houses is in fair condition. As a result, 35% fair, 16% good and 15% is bad.

Cleanliness Total Percent (%)

Good 4 31
Farr 7 54
Bad 2 15
Total 13
100
3.7 Availability of kitchen

Kitchen is the place where the people use to cocks their food by using conventional energy
sources such as wood, charcoal, kerosene, electric and so on. According to our
observation, in Ifa Bula most of houses have kitchen. Most of kitchens are located in a
separate state from the main house. Table 3.7 shows availability of kitchen

Availability of kitchen Number of houses Percent (%)

Yes 8 61.538
No 5 38.462
Total 13 100

Type of kitchen Number Percent (%)

Separated 5 39

Not separated 3 22
No 5 39
Total 13 100

3.8 Maintenance Requirement of Houses

• Maintenance requirement of the house depends on the durability and strength of the
construction materials used. The condition of most of the houses under consideration is fair.
This can be illustrated as follows. The following table shows the data in detail.

Table 3.8 Maintenance

Maintenance requirement Total number of houses Percent (%)

Good 2 15
Fail- 8 62
Poor 3 23
Total 13 100
 Maintenance requirement of house
14

12

10

0 Good Fair Poor Total

MAINTENANCE
Chart Area REQUIREMENT
Total number of house ■ Series
2
Fig 3.6 Maintenance
 Chapter 4
TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES

4.1.Technology Infrustructure

4.1.1 Communication
Ifa bula community use various type of communication equipment to engage to news and
transfer information.
4.1.1.1 Telephone

• 4.1.1.2 Availability of telephone

Telephone is one mode of communication that the people of the kebele mostly use. About 7%
of the people of the kebele use landline telephone and 66% of people of the kebele use mobile
phone and about 10% of the population use both as a mode of communication. The internet is
considered as mode of communication it is not mostly available in the community.

Table 4.1 Telephone

Types Number Percent (%)

Landline only 2 7
Cell phone only 20 66
Both 3 10
None 5 17

Total 30 100
Fig 4.1 Availability of Telephone

• 4.1.2 Gazette Possession

Gazette is the means of gathering information for the community. It shows the technological
status of the population. According to the results of our survey, 33% of the total gazette is
TV, 31% radio, 7% video deck, 13% telephone and 3% ventilator and 13% uses other
sources. Table 4.2 Gazatte
Gazette Number Percent (%)

TV 9 17

Radio 10 18
Video deck 5 9

Telephone 20 36

Ventilator 2 4

Others 9 16
Total 55 100
 Gazette

4%

I TV Radio

Video deck

Telephone
36%
Ventilator I
18%
other

9%

Fig 4.2 Gazette

4.2 Utilities

4.2.1 Power and energy consumption

Energy plays an important role in the provision of basic human need such as food ,shelter and
sanitation ,apart from this energy also needed for other amenities including access to
information, entertainment and communication ,access to health institution deaguostic and so
further.
Table 4.3 Power Consumtion
Power supply No of people Percent (%)
Wood logs 3 23
Charcoal 4 31
Kerosene 1 8
Electricity 5 38
Other — —

Total 13 100
 Fig 4.3 Power Consumption

The figure shows energy source and consumption surveyed households on per monthly bases
As can see from this table a combination of electricity followed by wood logs and charcoal to
a lesser extent kerosene are the important conventional source of energy used by the studied
households indeed electricity serves the major demand of households for purposely domestic
uses including access to information, entertainment and communication, electric
lighting ,electric household equipment as well as cooking. Likewise ,wood logs and charcoal
and to lesser extent kerosene using open stove (8%) such chores as like baking ,been roasting
and/or coffee making as well as cooking etc. . Ten households for (23%) would buy
combination of wood logs and charcoal(31%) in varying at a market price of birr 80.00/bundle
and birr 100.0/quintal respectively. Five househols for (38%) use electricity.

Apart from being existing combination of wood logs, charcoal and kerosene consumption of
all the studied households are due to use of electric for house lighting and some other chores.
The monthly KWH consumption of each households estimated dividing amount in Birr each
households has declared used to pay by block rate stated on electricity bill in order to obtain
power consumption in KWH(the block rate being 0.2730 for the first 50KWh , 0.3564 for the
second 50KWh for residence). All the households total electricity consumption approximately
stands at 447KWh, the overage consumption is a little over 29KWh. It is also
important to note that the minimum power consumption is approximately 10KWh while the
maximum consumption is 87KWh. The majority of households (86.7%) consumption is less
than or equal to 50KWh, whereas only two households (13.3%) get over 50KWh consumption
limits (i.e. 38KWh and 87KWh).

4.2.2 Electricity Usage

Table 4.4 Electricity Usage

Electrified Total Percent (%)

Yes 5 38
No 8 62
Total 13 100

Fig 4.4 Electricity Usage

 CHAPTER FIVE

Conclusions and Recommendations

5.1. Conclusions
Finally we conclude that, the population in Ifa bula kebele is relatively small in number
than most of other kebeles in Jimma zone, and have most community aged between 19-50.
Also we concluded that there is larger number of females in the community than the males.
Additionally, they use most common type of communication materials like mobile phones,
taxi, buses and somehow donkeys to transport water they fetched from the crossing river just
1KM away from the main road(asphalt). There is also high lack of electricity to carry their day
to day life as other Jimma communities
5.2. Recommendations

The government should assist the community to facilitate some basic infrastructure like
road, traffic lights, street lights,clean water specially.

The responsible body should take an action to improve the ifa bula community life through
discussion about their major problems and fulfill their responsibility by taking effective action
on solutions like fulfilling road, relevant electric power supply and road lights.

Some non-governmental organizations like NGOs should take part to work on the kebele to
give the community some help to make their living standard to a better level.

The government should also assist the community by providing recreational centers like:
TV halls, Internet caffes, Youths' center, public library and the likes.

Collaborating with the government, JU should take part of improving the way of
community's life.
References

httDs://www.iu.edu.et/cssl/?q=node/241 HYPERLINK
"httDs://www.iu.edu.et/cssl/?a=node/241"
httDs://en.m.wikiDedia.ot2/wiki/Communitv education HYPERLINK
"httDs://en.m.wikiDedia.otg/wiki/Communitv education"
https://www.iu.edu.et/cDhms/node/175 HYPERLINK

"https://www.iu.edu.et/cphms/node/175"

The community of the kebele The Ifa bula kebele administration

Our advisor
Module of senior students