ELECTRIC VEHICLE CONCEPTS

Types of HV Battery
Cells
 Electrode The electrolyte
Functional components The negative electrode provides a medium for
of an electrochemical cell sources electrons on ion transport internal to
discharge. the cell.
The positive electrode
sinks electrons on
discharge.

The separator Current collectors

electrically isolates the these are metal foils
positive and negative that conduct electrical
electrodes to avoid current to cell
short circuit and self terminals.
discharge of the cell.
Power and Energy

Energy
A cell stores energy in
electrochemical form,
which it can later release
to do work.

Power
The energy release rate
is the cell’s
instantaneous power.

4
Raw Materials- Cathode (+ve)
• NMCxyz (NCM) – Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide
(LiNixCoyMnzO2)

• LFP – Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4/C)

• NCA – Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide

(LiNiCoAlO2)

• LMO – Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4)

• LNMO – Lithium Nickel Manganese Spinel

Raw Materials - Anode(-
• Mostly using materials Graphite
ve)
• Silicon graphite anodes

• Lithium metal anodes

Raw
Materials
Binders- Interconnectivity between electrode
SBR(Styrene-Butadiene Rubber ) PVDF(Polyvinylidene
Fluoride)

Foil- Aluminum Foil (Al foil) – Anode Slurry

Copper Foil (Cu foil)- with cathode slurry
 Raw Materials -
Electrolyte
• Liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries consist of lithium salts, such
as LiPF6 ,(lithium Hexafluorophosphate) LiBF4 (lithium
tetrafluoroborate) in an organic solvent, such as ethylene
carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate.

• Typical conductivities (20 °C) around 10 mS/cm, increasing by

approximately 30–40% at 40 °C and decreasing slightly at 0 °C
 Nominal cell voltages :

• Lead-Acid –2.0 V

• NiMH (Nickel metal hydride) –1.2 V

• LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate –3.2 V

• NMC/NCA (Lithium Nickel Cobalt

Aluminum Oxide) –3.6 V

• LMO (Lithium Manganese Oxide) –3.7 V

Safety
•Lead-Acid –Safest battery chemistry

•N iM H –Very safe, should not be overcharged

•LCO –Full charge promotes thermal runaway (150°C)

•LMO –High charge promotes thermal runaway (250°C)

•LFP –Very safe battery even if fully charged (270°C)

•NMC –High charge promotes thermal runaway (210°C)

•NCA –High charge promotes thermal runaway (150°C)

Battery - High Voltage Battery_ kW

Terms & Types

01 Battery Terminology
Battery Types

Chemistry &
02 TCyopemopf
Cohneemnisttsy
Various Components in Battery

Service , Safety &Insurance

03 Safety Standards of Battery
Insurance Aspects hydrogen and helium
 Battery Specifications
Specificaton Description Measured in

Battery Type LV Architecture Battery / High Voltage Architecture Battery HV

Battery Energy (kWh) Energy Storage Capacity of Battery ( 1 kWh = 1 unit of kWh
energy consumptio )

Energy Density / Pack to Energy stored/Cell and Total Pack to Voltage Ratio kW
Voltage

Amp & Voltage Range Acceptable Ampere and Voltage Range [ measured in Amps & A&V
Voltage ]

Max & Min Cell Voltage Maximum Cell Voltage & Minimum Cell Voltage mV

Discharge Cell Amp Lowest cell voltage/Amp and Adoption range of Cell kW
& Voltage

Safety Protection rating Ingress Protection rating from external factors IP

Temperature Withstanding temperature ( -30c to 60C ) in Bpack Temp

Weight & Dimensions These can be used in the template, and their size and color can L * B * H & Kg
be edited

Communication They are sorted by theme so you can use them in all kinds CAN
of presentations
HV Battery Chemistry The three primary functional
components of a lithium-ion battery are
the positive and negative electrodes and
electrolyte. Generally, The negative
electrode - lithium-ion cell is made from
carbon. positive electrode is a metal
oxide, Electrolyte is a lithium salt in an
organic solvent

Lithium Iron
Lithium Nickel Phosphate
Manganese Cobalt ( LiFePo4)
Lithium
Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2)
Lithium Nickel Manganese Oxide
LFP
Cobalt Aluminum (LiMn2O4)
Oxide(LiNiCoAlO2)
Li- NMC
Lithium
Titanate (Li2TiO3) Li-MO
Li-NCA
Li-TA

1% 4% 5% 10% 80%
HV Battery Chemistry

Lithium Iron
Lithium Nickel Phosphate
Manganese Cobalt ( LiFePo4)
Lithium
Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2)
Lithium Nickel Manganese Oxide
LFP
Cobalt Aluminum (LiMn2O4)
Oxide(LiNiCoAlO2)
Li- NMC
Lithium
Titanate (Li2TiO3) Li-MO
Li-NCA
Li-TA

1% 4% 5% 10% 80%
HV Battery
Components
• Cells and Modules Commands
• Pre charge Resistance • Insulation
• Pre charge Relays • LV Connector
• Relays & Fuses
• + Contactor HV
• -ve Contactor HV
• Bus Bars & LV Circuit
• Cooling Circuit
• + Female Connector
• - ve Female Connector
• MSD
• Breather Plug
• Current Monitor
Sensor
• Temp sensor
• Slave BMS - Cell
Monitoring
• Master BMS –
HV Battery
Components
• Cells and • - ve Female
Modules Connector
• Pre • MSD
charge • Breather
Resistance Plug
• Pre charge • Current
Relays Monitor
• Relays & Sensor
Fuses • Temp
• + sensor
Contactor • Slave BMS
HV -
• -ve Cell
Contactor Monitoring
HV • Master BMS –
• Bus Bars Commands
& LV • Insulation
Communication of Battery Pack