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♣ Devices Interfaces
Basics
Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
Collection of network operating systems used on devices
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PURPOSE OF OS
P C operating systems (Windows 8 & O S X) perform technical
functions that enable
• File, memory and process management,
• Handling input and output, and
• Controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printer
• Switch or router I O S provides options to
Configure interfaces
Enable routing and switching functions
All networking devices come with a default I O S
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Possible to upgrade the I O S version or feature set
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LOCATION OF THE IOS
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Quantity of flash and RAM memory determines IOS
that can be used
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IOS FUNCTIONS
Major functions performed or enabled by routers and switches include
Routing
Qos
Security
Addressing
Interfaces
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Managing resources etc.
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DEVICE INTERFACES
• Networking devices have several types of interfaces
associated with them.
1. Fast Ethernet interface :is used for connecting cables that
terminate with L A N devices such as computers and switches.
2. Serial interface : is used for connecting WAN devices to the
CSU/DSU
3. Console interface : is the primary interface for initial
configuration of a router or switch
4. Auxiliary interface: The auxiliary (AUX) interface is used for
remote management of the router.
Typically, a modem is connected to the A U X interface for dialup
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•
access.
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CONSOLE ACCESS METHOD
Most common methods to access the Command Line Interface(CLI)
Console
Telnet or S S H
A U X port
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CONSOLE ACCESS METHOD…
Console port
D evice is accessible even if no networking services have been
configured (out-of-band)
Need a special console cable
Allows configuration commands to be entered
Should be configured with passwords to prevent unauthorized
access
Device should be located in a secure room so console port can not be
easily accessed
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TELNET, SSH, AND AUX ACCESS METHODS
Telnet
Method for remotely accessing the C L I over a network
Require active networking services and one active interface that is
configured
Aux Port
Out-of-band connection
Uses telephone line
C a n be used like console port
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TERMINAL EMULATION PROGRAMS
Software available for
connecting to a networking
device
PuTT Y
Tera Term
Secure C RT
HyperTerminal
O S X Terminal
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For simulation we use Packet tracer to configure logical devices
IOS MODES OF OPERATION
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Each mode has a distinctive prompt
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NAVIGATING THE IOS
PRIMARY MODES
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PRIMARY MODES
The two primary modes of operation are user E X E C mode and
privileged E X E C mode.
The privileged E X E C mode has a higher level of authority in what it
allows the user to do with the device.
User E X E C Mode
The user E X E C mode has limited capabilities but is useful for some
basic operations.
This mode is the first mode encountered upon entrance into the C L I of
an I O S device.
This is often referred to as view-only mode.
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The user E X E C level does not allow the execution of any
commands that might change the configuration of the device. 15
CONT…
By default, there is no authentication required to access the user
E X E C mode from the console.
However, it is a good practice to ensure that authentication is
configured during the initial configuration.
The user E X E C mode is identified by the C L I prompt that
ends with the > symbol.
This is an example that shows the > symbol in the prompt: Switch>
Privileged E X E C Mode
The execution of configuration and management commands requires
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that the network administrator use the privileged E X E C mode, or a
more specific mode in the hierarchy.
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CONT...
authentication.
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configuration modes can only be reached from the
privileged E X E C mode. 17
NAVIGATING THE IOS
GLOBAL CONFIGURATION MODE AND SUBMODES
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GLOBAL CONFIGURATION MODE AND SUBMODES
mode.
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Switch# configure terminal
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Switch(config)#
CONT.
From the global config mode, the user can enter different sub
configuration modes.
Each of these modes allows the configuration of a particular part or
function of the I O S device.
Interface mode - to configure one of the network interfaces
(Fa0/0, S0/0/0)
L i n e mode - to configure one of the physical or virtual lines
(console, A U X , VTY)
As commands are used and modes are changed, the prompt
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changes to reflect the current context.
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NAVIGATING BETWEEN IOS MODES (CONTINUED)
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THE COMMAND STRUCTURE
IOS COMMAND STRUCTURE
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IOS COMMAND STRUCTURE…
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is the 10.10.10.5.
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CONT...
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THE COMMAND STRUCTURE
IOS EXAMINATION COMMANDS
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IOS EXAMINATION COMMANDS…
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currently running configuration file.
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HOSTNAMES
WHY THE SWITCH
Let’s focus on
1. Creating a two P C network connected via a switch
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1. HOSTNAMES
DEVICE NAMES
Some guidelines for naming conventions are that names should:
Contain no spaces
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configuration purposes.
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HOSTNAMES
HOSTNAMES
Hostnames allow
devices to be identified
by network
administrators over a
network or the Internet.
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2. LIMITING ACCESS TO DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS
SECURING DEVICE ACCESS
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SECURING DEVICE ACCESS
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administrator, because these are easily guessed
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LIMITING ACCESS TO DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS
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LIMITING ACCESS TO DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS
SECURING USER EXEC ACCESS
Console port must be secured
• Reduces the chance of unauthorized personnel physically plugging a
cable into the device and gaining device access
Service password-encryption
• Prevents passwords from showing up as plain text when viewing the configuration
• Purpose of this command is to keep unauthorized
individuals
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from viewing passwords in the configuration file once applied.30
LIMITING ACCESS TO DEVICE CONFIGURATIONS
BANNER MESSAGES
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3.SAVING CONFIGURATIONS
CONFIGURATION FILES
Switch# reload
⚫System configuration has
been modified. Save?
[yes/no]: n
⚫Proceed with reload?
[confirm]
Startup configuration is
removed by using
the erase startup-
config
⚫Switch# erase startup-
config
On a switch you must
also issue the delete
vlan.dat
⚫ Switch# delete
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vlan.dat
⚫ Delete filename
[vlan.dat]?
[confirm]
⚫ Delete 32
flash:vlan.dat?
CONFIGURATION FILES
[confirm]
Confirm is the default response.
To confirm and erase the startup configuration file, press .
Pressing any other key will abort the process.
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The End!
Q?
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