CHAPTER FOUR:

DEVELOPMENT
CONCERNS AND
ROLES OF ACTORS IN
DEVELOPMENT
Development encompasses economic, social, and environmental aspects.
Goals of Learning: Explore the key concerns and roles of actors in this dynamic
process.
Concept of Development
1 Dynamic & Evolving 2 Multidimensional
Development is a
continuous process that
involves positive
changes in economic,
social, and
environmental spheres.
3 Context-Specific
Nature
Development is not
solely measured by
economic growth, but
also by improvements in
people's well-being and
environmental
sustainability.
Development priorities
and strategies vary
across different countries
and regions due to
diverse cultural,
political, and economic
contexts.
Key Concerns in Development
Economic
Development
Promoting sustainable
economic growth, reducing
poverty, and improving living
standards through
entrepreneurship and
innovation.
Social Development
Enhancing access to
education, healthcare, social
services, and ensuring gender
equality, social inclusion, and
cultural preservation.
Environmental
Development
Addressing climate change,
conserving natural resources,
promoting renewable energy,
and fostering sustainable
consumption patterns.
Roles of Actors in Development
1 Government

Playing a central role in policy-making, implementing development strategies, and

providing essential public services.

2 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

Working alongside governments to address social and environmental issues, advocate for
marginalized groups, and deliver humanitarian aid.

3 Private Sector

Driving economic growth, creating jobs, investing in infrastructure, and contributing to

sustainable development through innovation and responsible business practices.
Challenges in Development
1 Income Inequality

Addressing disparities in wealth distribution and ensuring equitable opportunities for

economic growth and social advancement.

2 Corruption

Tackling corruption in both public and private sectors to promote transparency,

accountability, and effective governance.

3 Environmental Degradation

Aiming to mitigate climate change, combat pollution, and preserve ecosystems for the well-
being of present and future generations.
Conclusion
Collective Responsibility

Achieving sustainable development requires collaboration and commitment from governments,

NGOs, the private sector, and individuals.

Long-Term Vision

Striving for development that respects social equity, protects the environment, and promotes a
prosperous future for all.