eXtended

Reality

Prepared by: Elanthirayan M, XR Specialist

HISTORY
XR(eXtended Reality), refers to the combination of virtual, augmented, mixed and assisted reality technologies. The origins of
XR date back to the 1960s, when computer scientist Ivan Sutherland developed the first head-mounted display (HMD), called The Sword
of Damocles, which used a computer-generated display to create a rudimentary form of VR. In the 1990s, companies like Sega and
Nintendo introduced gaming consoles with VR capabilities, but the technology was still too expensive and bulky for widespread use.

In the early 2000s, AR technologies began to emerge with the development of marker-based AR, which used a camera and a visual
marker to overlay virtual objects onto the real world. The launch of smartphones in the late 2000s led to a surge in AR development, with
companies like Apple and Google releasing AR software development kits (SDKs) for their platforms.

More recently, advances in VR and AR hardware, such as the Quest 3 and Apple vision pro, have made XR more immersive and
accessible, leading to a growing number of applications in fields such as gaming, education, and healthcare.
TYPES OF XR
• Virtual Reality

• Augmented Reality

• Mixed Reality

• Assisted Reality
VIRTUAL REALITY
VR immerses users in a purely virtual world.
Users can interact with the digital
environment, but they cannot interact with the
real world.
EVOLUTION OF VR

For More information about devices

https://vr-compare.com

Image source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Evolution-of-modern-VR-headsets-177_fig1_349077963

TYPES OF VR
• Tethered

• Standalone (Untethered)

• Game console

• Mobile
MOBILE BASED VR

Cardboard
TETHERED DEVICE

HTC Vive
TETHERED DEVICE

Oculus Rift
TETHERED DEVICE

Oculus Rift Oculus Rift S

STANDALONE DEVICE

Quest devices
AUGMENTED REALITY
AR expands on the real world by inserting
virtual objects and information into the real
world. Users perceive virtual objects as an
extension of the real world, but they can only
interact with virtual objects to a limited extent.
AR DEVICES

Mobiles & Tablets Magic Leap

MIXED REALITY
MR overlays virtual objects onto physical
surroundings. Virtual objects are anchored to
the real world and can interact with it.
ASSISTED REALITY
Assisted Reality allows a person to view a
screen within their immediate field of vision,
hands-free.

These are helmets that incorporate AR displays to

provide workers with real-time information and
instructions while they perform their job.
WEB XR
WebXR (Web Extended Reality) is an API standard that
enables immersive virtual and augmented reality experiences
to be delivered through web browsers. It allows developers to
create cross-platform XR applications that can be accessed
and experienced directly in web browsers, without the need
for additional installations or downloads.
WEBGL VS WEBGPU
WebGL is a JavaScript API for rendering 2D and 3D
graphics in web browsers, providing a high-level
interface based on OpenGL ES.

WebGPU is a modern, low-level graphics API for

the web, offering explicit control over GPU
resources and improved performance compared to
WebGL.
PASSTHROUGH VS MR
• AR Passthrough, the device uses cameras to
capture the surrounding environment and
then displays it to the user in real-time.

• MR anchors virtual elements to the real

world and allows them to interact with it.
 Zone 0
WHAT IS ZONE? Explosive gas-air mixture is continuously present,
or present for long periods.

Zones are classified based on the probability of the presence of

an explosive gas-air mixture.
Zone 1
Explosive gas-air mixture is likely to be present in
normal operation.

Zone 2
Explosive gas-air mixture is not likely to be
present, or present for short periods.
ZONE CERTIFIED
"Zone Certification" in the energy industry typically refers ATEX
In Europe, the ATEX directive (Atmosphères Explosibles)
to the certification of equipment for use in hazardous
sets the standards for equipment used in potentially
locations, particularly in areas where there is a risk of explosive atmospheres.
explosive atmospheres. This concept is commonly
associated with the ATEX (Atmosphères Explosibles)
directive in Europe, which regulates equipment intended for
use in potentially explosive atmospheres.
IECEx
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) provides
standards and certifications for electrical equipment and systems used
in explosive atmospheres.
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