UNIT 7

REFERENCING INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND

PRACTICE
THAM KHẢO CÁC CÔNG ƯỚC VÀ THÔNG LỆ QUỐC TẾ
 TOPICAL HIGHLIGHTS
A. Brief Introduction to International Conventions & Practices
B. Application of International Conventions (Công ước)
C. Application of International Practices (Thông lệ)
 Because of differences in social, legal and political systems,
countries have signed international conventions, which are
only valid for the signatories; however, how effective these
international conventions are depends on the size of the
organizations, with or without the participation and ratification
of governments.
International conventions are treaties or agreements between
countries. "International convention" is often used
interchangeably with terms like "international treaty,"
"international agreement," "compact,“ "contract, or pact
between /among states.“
 Conventions may be of a general or specific nature and
between two or multiple states. Conventions between two states
are called bilateral treaties; conventions between /among a
small number of states (but more than two) are called
plurilateral treaties; conventions between a large number of
states are called multilateral treaties.
 CÁC CÔNG ƯỚC & THÔNG LỆ CHỦ YẾU
Công Ước Của Liên Hiệp Quốc Về Mua Bán Quốc Tế
Hợp đồng mua bán không cần phải chứng thực bằng văn bản,
về hình thức (của hợp đồng) cũng không chịu bất kỳ sự giới
hạn nào, có thể dùng mọi hình thức để chứng nhận hợp đồng
kể cả dùng nhân chứng.
 (1)MAIN INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND
PRACTICE

United Nations Convention on International Sales Contracts of

Goods

Article 11: “A contract of sales needs to be neither concluded in/

evidenced in written forms nor subjected to any other
requirements/ limits. In stead, it may be proved by any means,
including witnesses.
Article 11: “It is necessary to make a contract of sales
neither evidenced in written forms nor confined to any
requirements or limits of forms, but proved by any
means, including witnesses
 (2) INCOTERMS 2,000

- International rules for the Interpretation of Trade

Terms
- (Quy tắc quốc tế về các Thuật ngữ Thương mại)

Eg. Price terms & Delivery terms

Including 13 trade terms of current uses

Three basic documents explaining the terms of International Trade

a. Warsaw-Oxford Rules

b. Revised American Foreign Trade Definition and Interpretation of

Trade Terms

c. International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms

 a. Principles of International Commercial Contracts

Các Quy Tắc Của Hợp Đồng TMQT

b. Uniform and Customs Practice for Documentary Credits

Thông Lệ Thống Nhất Về Tín Dụng Chứng Từ

c. Hague Rules

d. The Visby Rules

e. The Hamburg Rules

f. New York Convention

 APPLICATION OF INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTION
These principles set forth general rules for international
commercial contracts;
They shall be applied when the parties have agreed that
their contracts be governed by them;
They may be applied when the parties have agreed that their
contracts be governed by “general principles of law”, the “lex
mercatoria,” or the like.
Đề ra: set forth
Các Nguyên tắc: Principles
General rules: Quy định chung
Lex mercatoria: Luật của các thương nhân
 They (the principles) shall provide a solution to an issue/a problem raised
when it proves impossible to establish the relevant rule of the applicable law.
They may be used to interpret or supplement international uniform law
instruments.
They may serve as a model for national and international legislators.
Văn kiện luật thống nhất quốc tế
Hình mẫu
Law makers = legislators = các nhà làm luật
The End
 - Đọc và làm bài tập
• [3]: 72-80
• [5]: 99-109
- Xem trước nội dung bài sau:
• [1]: 158-179