TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON:

MACHINE LEARNING IN
WEATHER PREDICTION
AND CLIMATE
ANALYSIS
- KAVANA NAIK (1BG20CS047)
 INTRODUCTION
• Machine learning has become a pivotal tool in weather prediction and climate analysis,
revolutionizing how we understand and forecast atmospheric and oceanic phenomena. By
harnessing vast amounts of data and advanced algorithms, machine learning techniques are
enhancing forecasting accuracy, predicting extreme weather events, and informing strategies
to address climate change challenges.
• Machine learning, with its remarkable ability to extract insights from vast amounts of data, has
revolutionized various scientific disciplines. In the domain of weather prediction and climate
analysis, machine learning techniques have emerged as indispensable tools for enhancing
forecasting accuracy, understanding complex climate processes, and addressing challenges
posed by climate change.
• Overall, the integration of machine learning into weather prediction and climate analysis holds
promise for advancing scientific understanding, informing policy decisions, and mitigating the
impacts of climate variability and change on society and the environment.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Current weather prediction and climate analysis methods face limitations in accuracy and
effectiveness, particularly in forecasting extreme weather events and understanding long-term
climate trends. Leveraging machine learning offers a promising avenue to enhance forecasting
precision, improve climate modeling, and address the challenges posed by climate change.
 TITLE
LITERATURE SURVEY
AUTHORS METHODS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
Machine Learning for Jones and Coughlan Supervised Flexibility and computationally
Climate Modeling [2019] learning,hybrid models Adaptibility. intensive and require
significant computational
resources for training.

Data Assimilation Liu and Kalnay [2020] Neural Improved Forecast Computational
Techniques in Weather Networks,Gaussian Accuracy,Uncertainity Complexity
and Climate Prediction Process,optimization Classification
algorithms,EKF

Advances in Machine Smith et al. [2020] Artificial Neural Improved Forecast Internal workings are not
Learning for Weather networks, Support Vector Accuracy,Abilty to easily interpretable or
Prediction Machines,Random Capture Complex explainable.
Forest. Relationships.

Applications of Wang et al. [2021] Supervised handle high-dimensional Computational

Machine Learning in Learning,Unsupervised data, adapt to diverse Complexity
Climate Change Learning,deep learning research questions,
Detection automate analysis
workflows.

Table 1. Contributions in Machine Learning in Weather Prediction

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Fig 3.2 System Architecture

PROCESS DATA

 Collect Data:Data collection is the process of gathering and compiling raw data from various sources to
create a dataset for analysis.
 Preprocess Data:Data preprocessing is a critical step in machine learning and data analysis pipelines. It
involves transforming raw data into a format that is more suitable for modeling and analysis.
 Feature Engineering: Feature engineering involves creating new features from existing ones or
transforming features to improve the performance of machine learning models. This may include
combining existing features, creating interaction terms, or deriving new features based on domain
knowledge or insights from the data.
 An online feature store is a centralized repository that is specifically designed for storing and managing
features used in machine learning (ML) and data analytics workflows. It serves as a scalable and efficient
solution for organizing, versioning, sharing, and serving features to ML models and analytical applications
in real-time.
DEVELOP MODEL

 Train,Test,Evaluate:Training, testing, and evaluating a machine learning model involves several steps to
ensure that the model performs well on unseen data.
 Data Preparation:

• Split your dataset into two or three subsets: a training set, a validation set, and a test set. The training set
is used to train the model, the validation set is used to tune hyperparameters and monitor performance
during training, and the test set is used to evaluate the final performance of the trained model.
 Model Selection:

• Choose an appropriate machine learning algorithm based on the problem type (e.g., classification,
regression), the nature of the data, and other considerations.
 Model Training:

• Train the selected model using the training data. Use the training set to update the model's parameters
and learn the underlying patterns in the data.
 Model Evaluation:

• Evaluate the trained model on the test set to assess its performance on unseen data. Use the evaluation
metric(s) selected earlier to quantify the model's performance.
DEPLOY
 Deploying a machine learning model involves making it available for use in real-world applications, where it can make predictions
or provide insights based on new, unseen data.
 Prepare the Model for Deployment:
• Save the trained model to disk in a serialized format (e.g., pickle file for Python models) so that it can be loaded and used later.
 Choose a Deployment Environment:
 Select a deployment environment that suits your application requirements and infrastructure constraints. Options include:
 -On-premises servers: Deploy the model on local servers or hardware within your organization's data center.
 -Cloud platforms: Utilize cloud services such as AWS, Google Cloud Platform, or Microsoft Azure, which offer
scalable infrastructure for deploying and running machine learning models.
 -Edge devices: Deploy the model directly on edge devices such as IoT devices, mobile phones, or embedded systems
for offline or low-latency inference.
 Integration with Application:
 Integrate the deployed model with your application or software system. This may involve:
 Building APIs or endpoints for model inference: Create an HTTP API or a RESTful endpoint that accepts input data,
processes it through the model, and returns the model's predictions.
 Embedding the model within an application: Incorporate the model directly into your application codebase, allowing it
to make predictions locally without the need for external API calls.
 Integration with existing services: Integrate the model with other services or components within your application
ecosystem, such as databases, message brokers, or microservices architectures.
MONITOR:
 The monitoring step in machine learning model deployment is crucial for ensuring that the deployed model
continues to perform well in real-world scenarios.
 Establish Monitoring Metrics:

• Define key performance indicators (KPIs) and monitoring metrics to track the model's performance over
time. These metrics may include accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, mean squared error, or other relevant
evaluation metrics based on the problem type (classification, regression, etc.).
 Real-Time Monitoring:

• Implement real-time monitoring mechanisms to track the model's predictions, inference latency, and
resource utilization (e.g., CPU, memory, network bandwidth) during runtime.
 Data Drift Detection:

• Monitor for changes in the distribution or characteristics of the input data (data drift) that may impact the
model's performance. This can include changes in feature distributions, missing values, or outliers
 Alerting and Notification:

• Set up automated alerting and notification systems to alert stakeholders when anomalies or deviations are
detected. This can include email alerts, SMS notifications, or integration with collaboration tools like Slack
or Microsoft Teams.
 TITLE
RESULT ANALYSIS AUTHORS RESULT ANALYSIS
Long Short-Term Memory Chen and Li[2018] • Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
Networks: Utilization of LSTM
Networks for Weather Prediction architectures for capturing long-term
dependencies and temporal dynamics in
weather data sequences.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Garcia-Lopez and Fernandez[2018] • Urban-Specific Features: Incorporation of
urban-specific features (e.g., population
Weather Forecasting in Urban Areas density, land use) to tailor weather forecasts
for urban environments.

Deep Learning Models for Short- Wang et al.[2020] • Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs):
Application of CNN architectures to spatial-
term Weather Forecasting temporal data for capturing complex
patterns in weather variables ..

A Comparative Study of Machine Johnson and Smith. [2020] • Ensemble Learning: Integration of multiple
machine learning models (e.g., decision
Learning Models for Weather trees, random forests, gradient boosting) to
Prediction improve prediction accuracy and robustness

Smith. [2021] • Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)

Advances in Machine Learning for • Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)
Weather Prediction
 CONCLUSION
machine learning is revolutionizing weather prediction and climate analysis by
leveraging large datasets and complex algorithms to enhance forecasting
accuracy, detect patterns, and understand long-term climate trends. Its
applications span from short-term weather forecasting to long-term climate
change analysis, offering valuable insights for various sectors and aiding in
better decision-making for a more sustainable future.