COMMON FIREARMS

AND ITS
NOMENCLATURES
Chapter 2
 AT THE END OF THIS CHAPTER, THE STUDENTS
SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

01. Appreciate the uniqueness of each

of the firearms selected; 05. Tell the basic parts of caliber 38;

02. Disassemble and assemble cal .45;

9mm/cal.380; cal.38, and M16; 06. Point out the parts of an M16 rifle; and

03. Explain how the identified firearms are

used; 07. Tell the parts of a shotgun.

04. Name the basic parts of caliber.45;

SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES
THE CALIBER .45
M1911A1
The Caliber .45 M1911A1 which
is popularly called as Caliber .45
is one of the handguns that is
mostly used today because of its
advantages to the law enforcer or
user. Inorder fo you to know
some of the information about a
caliber .45, read the following
statements:
 1. System of operation Short recoil

2. Length 8.578 inches

3. Weight w/empty magazine 2.4 pounds

4. Weight w/ full magazine 3 pounds

5. Length of barrel 5.03 inches

6. Caliber 0.45 inches

7. Rifling 6 grooves and 6 lands

8. Muzzle velocity 830 feet

9. Muzzle energy 17,000 lbs/in2

10. Maximum effective range 50 m

11. Maximum range 1,500 meters

12. Front sight Blade, integral with slide

13. Rear sight Notched bar, dovetailed to slide

14. Sight radius 6, 481 inches

15. Safety features Manual safety lever, grip safety, half

cock position
16. Basic load 14 rounds

17. Trigger pull 5-6.5 pounds

MAJOR GROUPS AND
ASSEMBLIES OF CALIBER .45

1. Barrel Assembly
1. Breech end 6. Interlocking ribs

2. Muzzle end 7. Barrel lug

3. Bore 8. Barrel Link

4. Rifling (lands and grooves) 9. Barrel Link pin

5. Chamber
MAJOR GROUPS AND
ASSEMBLIES OF CALIBER .45

2. Slide Assembly
1. Front sight 6. Front sight 11. Trademark

2. Top strap 7. Top strap 12. Model

3. Ejection part 8. Ejection part 13. Interlocking lugs

4. Rear sight 9. Breach face

5. Breechblock 10. Extractor

MAJOR GROUPS AND
ASSEMBLIES OF CALIBER .45

3. Frame or Receiver Assembly

1. Ejector 6. Disconnector 11. Magazine Well 16. Plunger

2. Hammer 7. Backstrap 12. Right/left side stock 17. Serial number

3. Spur 8. Butt 13. Trigger

4. Grip safety 9. Lanyard Loop 14. Trigger guard

5. Thumb safety 10. Front Strap 15. Model

MAJOR GROUPS AND
ASSEMBLIES OF CALIBER .45

4. Cycle Operation of Cal. 45

1. Feeding 6. Unlocking

2. Chambering 7. Extracting

3. Locking 8. Cocking

4. Ejecting

5. Firing
DISASSEMBLY AND
ASSEMBLY
(PSBRC module II. police tactical
responses)
 CAUTION
Before disassembling the pistol,
check that it has no magazine
GENERAL and has no live ammunition.
Disassembly and assembly operations
should be carried out for routine
maintenance of the pistol by the user
Disassembling or assembling of any parts is
not recommended and will void all
warranties. It should be carried out on a
clean surface and all the disassembled parts
should be placed in order of their removal.
 DISASSEMBLING THE PISTOL
1. With the unloaded pistol, move safety to the "fire" position, manually move the hammer
to the cocked position;

2. Push the slide slightly to the rear until the mark at the end of the slide is just above the
mark on the frame;

3. While holding the pistol in that position, remove the slide catch lever by pushing the pin
of the lever on the opposite side of the frame;

4. Pull the slide from the frame;

5. Remove the recoil spring assembly from its housing under the barrel;

6. Remove the barrel from the slide.

 ASSEMBLING THE PISTOL
1. Insert the barrel into the slide to its innermost locked position;

2. Insert the recoil spring assembly by manually pressing down towards the barrel, making it sure
that it is securely fit into the recess the bottom lug of the barrel;

3. Make sure that the hammer is in cocked position;

4. Mount the slide on the frame and push it to the rear until the marks are in line, one above the
other, then insert the slide catch pin until it snaps into place;

5. Check correct pistol operation by cocking it;

6. Check trigger and hammer operation and verify that safety is functioning properly and safely.
 INSPECTING THE PISTOL
1. Safety Lock Test
a. Do not actuate the trigger until the weapon has been cleared.

b. With the pistol unloaded, cock the hammer and press the

safety upward into the safe (locked) position.

c. Before starting an inspection, be sure to clear the weapon

d. Grasp the grip as the grip safety is depressed and squeeze the trigger tightly 3 or 4 times.

e. If the hammer fails, let a gunsmith handle the problem.

 INSPECTING THE PISTOL
2. Grip Safety Test
a. With the pistol unloaded, cock the hammer, and w/o depressing the grip safety, point the pistol
downward and pull the trigger 3 or 4 times

b. If the hammer falls because the grip safety is depressed by its own weight, consult a gunsmith.
 INSPECTING THE PISTOL
3. Half-Cock Position Test
a. With the pistol unloaded, draw back the hammer until the sear engages the half-cock position,
notch, and then squeeze the trigger.

b. If the hammer falls, see a gunsmith.

c. Draw the hammer back nearly to the full cock position, do not squeeze the trigger, and then let
thumb slip off hammer. The hammer should fall only to the half cock notch.
 INSPECTING THE PISTOL
4. Disconnector Test
This test should be conducted only for the purpose of testing and not often since numerous repetitions of
this may cause damage to the hammer and sear.

a. With the pistol unloaded, cock the hammer, push the slide group1 % inch to the rear and hold in that
position while squeezing the trigger.

b. Let slide group go forward, maintaining pressure on the trigger. If the hammer falls, see a gunsmith.

c. Release pressure on the trigger and then pull it. The hammer should then fall. If the hammer does not
fall, see a gunsmith.

d. Check for a faulty disconnector which would prevent the hammer from falling. The disconnector
should prevent the release of the hammer unless the slide group is in forward position.
THE CALIBER .38
The Caliber .38
The Caliber .38 is still in use
today as one of the firearms
Issued to members of the
Philippine National Police. This
firearm belongs to the group of
firearms called revolver. It is
vital to know the operational
cycle of this revolver. Look at
the illustration below and
memorize its parts.
GROUPS AND ASSEMBLIES OF
CALIBER .38

1. Barrel Assembly
1. Breech end - point of entry of the bullet 6. Make

2. Muzzle end - point of exit of bullet 7. Model

3. Bone

4. Rifling (lands and grooves)\

5. Front sight
GROUPS AND ASSEMBLIES OF
CALIBER .38

2. Cylinder Assembly
1. Chambers 7. Yoke

2. Extractor 8. Cylinder Locking Notches

(touchhole)
3. Extractor red

4. Ratchet

5. Cylinder Grooves
GROUPS AND ASSEMBLIES OF
CALIBER .38

3. Frame or Receiver Assembly

1. Top strap 6. Thumb latch 11. Front strap 16. Left side stock

2. Rear sight 7. Side plate 12. Trigger guard 17. Trademark

3. Breech face 8. Back strap 13. Trigger 18. Serial number

4. Hammer 9. Firing pin 14. Cylinder lock

5. Spur 10. Butt 15. Right side stock

THE U.S. RIFLE
5.56MM M16A1
The M16A1
The US Rifle 5.56MM M16A1
is widely known as M16 rifle.
This is one of the oldest and
widely used by members of
integrated National Police-INP,
now PNP and Armed Forces of
the Philippines (AFP). Until
today, it is one of the common
firearms used by almost all law
enforcement agencies in the
Philippines.
 THE M4A1
ASSAULT RIFLE
The M4A1 Assault Rifles
M4A1 assault rifle-American
characterized to be magazine
fed; gas operated; shoulder
weapon; air cooled; and can be
set to semi- automatic or
automatic fire. almost the same
with M16 when it comes to its
parts.
GROUPS AND ASSEMBLIES OF
THE M16

1. Upper Receiver Group

1. Flash suppressor 6. Hand Guard 11. Forward Assist

2. Barrel 7. Sling Spring 12. Bolt Assembly

3. Bayonet stud 8. Carrying Handle 13. Bust Cover

4. Front sight 9. Charging Handle

5. Upper sling swivel 10. Rear Sight

GROUPS AND ASSEMBLIES OF
THE M16

2. Lower Receiver Group

1. Rubber Retail Pack 6. Magazine release button

2. Trigger Guard 7. Hammer

3. Pivot Take Down Pin 8. Selector level

4. Stock 9. Lower sling swivel

5. Pistol Grip 10. Trigger

GENERAL DATA ABOUT THE M16

1. Weights:
Rifle without magazine 6.5 lbs

Empty magazine .2 lbs

(aluminum)

Full magazine (20 rounds) .7 lbs

Firing weight (fully loaded

w/ sling) 7.6 lbs
GENERAL DATA ABOUT THE M16

2. Lengths:
Rifle with flash suppressor 39 Inches

Barrel with flash suppressor 21 Inches

Barrel without flash

suppressor 20 Inches
GENERAL DATA ABOUT THE M16

3. Operational:
Muzzle Velocity 3,150 ft/sec

Cycle Rate of Fire 700-800

Rounds/minute
GENERAL DATA ABOUT THE M16

4. Maximum Rate of Fire

Semi-automatic 45-65

Automatic 150-200

Maximum Range 2,653 Meters

Maximum Effective Range 460 Meters

CYCLE OF OPERATION OF M16
1. Firing - occurs when the firing pin strikes the primer of the cartridge.

2. Unlocking - unsealing the breach of the barrel.

3. Extracting removing the empty cartridge from the weapon.

4. Ejecting - removing the empty cartridge from the weapon.

5. Cocking returning the firing mechanism to cock position.

6. Feeding - placing the cartridge in the receiver.

7. Chambering - placing the cartridge in the chamber.

8. Locking-sealing the cartridge in the chamber.

THE SHOTGUN
 From the standpoint of operation, shotgun mechanisms parallel
those of rifles. The major difference between the two types of guns
is the barrel. A shotgun is a smooth-bored firearm; it has no riflings
cut into the barrel.

One way individual shotguns differ in loading and unloading is in

their anatomy. The vast majority of shotguns are either:
Single Barrel
Double Barrel
THANK YOU