Read each statement closely and search for

the missing letter as suggested by each

statement.
S
 I am the first letter of “sight”.
U
 Complete me: I love ___.
 I am the sound that you create when you are M

thinking.
M
 The repeated letters in the word “common”. A
 I’m in the middle of “psalm”. R
 I am seen twice in “roar” once in “boar”. I
 Not a pair of eyes, only one. Z

 I am the last letter of the alphabet. E

 You’ll find me in “ore” but not in “our”.
 ANALYSIS
What is the importance of
SUMMARIZING in
understanding a reading
text?
 Objective:

Uses various techniques

in summarizing a variety
of academic texts.
 Summarizing
It is used to determine the essential
ideas in a book, article, book chapter, an
article or parts of an article includes the
gist or main idea, useful information, or
key words or phrases that help you
meet your reading purpose
Summarizing means
identifying the main idea
and most important
facts, then writing a brief
overview that includes only
those key ideas and details.
According to (Buckly, 2004), in
her popular writing text fit to
print, summarizing is reducing
text to one-third or one-
quarter its original size,
clearly articulating the author's
meaning, and retaining main
ideas.
According to Diane Hacker
(2008), in A Canadian Writer's
Reference, explains that
summarizing involves stating a
work's thesis and main ideas
"simply, briefly, and
accurately".
Various
techniques in
SUMMARIZING
1. Somebody Wanted But So Then
“Somebody Wanted But So
Then” is an excellent
summarizing strategy for
stories. Each word represents a
key question related to the
story's essential elements.
Somebody: Who is the story about?
Wanted: What does the main
charter want?
But: Identify a problem that the
main character encountered.
So: How does the main character
solve the problem?
Then: Tell how the story ends.
* Somebody: Little Red Riding Hood
Wanted: She wanted to take cookies to
her sick grandmother.
But: She encountered a wolf
pretending to be her grandmother.
So: She ran away, crying for help.
Then: A woodsman heard her and
saved her from the wolf.
 After answering the questions, combine the answers
to form a summary:
 Little Red Riding Hood wanted to take
cookies to her sick grandmother, but she
encountered a wolf. He got to her
grandmother’s house first and pretended to
be the old woman. He was going to eat Little
Red Riding Hood, but she realized what he
was doing and ran away, crying for help. A
woodsman heard the girl’s cries and saved
her from the wolf.
 2. SAAC Method
 The SAAC method is another useful
technique for summarizing any kind of text
(such as a story, an article, or a speech).
SAAC is an acronym for "State, Assign,
Action, Complete." Each word in the
acronym refers to a specific element that
should be included in the summary.
State: the name of the article,
book, or story
Assign: the name of the author
Action: what the author is doing
(example: tells, explains)
Complete: complete the
sentence or summary with
keywords and important details
Here is an example of SAAC in action:

State: "The Boy Who Cried Wolf"

Assign: Aesop (a Greek storyteller)
Action: tells
Complete: what happens when a
shepherd boy repeatedly lies to the
villagers about seeing a wolf
 Use the four SAAC cues to write out a summary of "The Boy Who Cried Wolf" in
complete sentences:

 "The Boy Who Cried Wolf," by Aesop (a

Greek storyteller), tells what happens
when a shepherd boy repeatedly lies to
the villagers about seeing a wolf. After a
while, they ignore his false cries. Then,
when a wolf really does attack, they don’t
come to help him.
 3. 5 W's, 1 H
The Five W's, One H strategy relies
on six crucial questions: who, what,
when, where, why, and how. These
questions make it easy to identify
the main character, important
details, and main idea.
Who is the story about?
What did they do?
When did the action take place?
Where did the story happen?
Why did the main character do what
s/he did?
How did the main character do what
s/he did?
 Try this technique with a familiar
fable such as "The Tortoise and the
Hare."
 Who? The tortoise
 What? He raced a quick, boastful hare and won.
 When? When isn’t specified in this story, so it’s not
important in this case.
 Where? An old country road
 Why? The tortoise was tired of hearing the hare boast
about his speed.
 How? The tortoise kept up his slow but steady pace.
 Then, use the answers to the Five
W's and One H to write a summary
of in complete sentences.
Tortoise got tired of listening to Hare
boast about how fast he was, so he
challenged Hare to a race. Even
though he was slower than Hare,
Tortoise won by keeping up his slow
and steady pace when Hare stopped
to take a nap.
 4. First Then Finally
The "First Then Finally" technique
helps students summarize events
in chronological order. The three
words represent the beginning,
main action, and conclusion of a
story, respectively.
First: What happened first? Include
the main character and main
event/action.
Then: What key details took place
during the event/action?
Finally: What were the results of
the event/action?
 Here is an example using "Goldilocks and the Three
Bears."

 First, Goldilocks entered the bears' home

while they were gone. Then, she ate their
food, sat in their chairs, and slept in their
beds. Finally, she woke up to find the bears
watching her, so she jumped up and ran
away.
 HOW TO SUMMARIZE ?
1. Read the material carefully and
take note about the most
important details.
2. Delete trivial, unnecessary
information, and redundant
material.
 3. Know the main points and the
supporting details. (Exclude any
illustrations, examples, or
explanations)
 4. Use your OWN words or cite
properly. Do NOT plagiarize!
 5. Substitute super ordinate words
for lists. For example: flowers for
daisies, tulips, and roses.
7. WRITE down all
information in a coherent and
precise form. AVOID making it
long.
8. Make sure your summary is
accurate.
*Underline or note-down
major idea
*Prepare the first Draft
 5. More-experienced students
1. Begin by reading or
by having students
2. Use keywords or
listen to the text
phrases to identify main
selection to be
points from the text.
summarized.

3. Answer the
following
framework
questions:
* What are the main ideas?
*What are the crucial details necessary for
supporting the main ideas?
*What information is irrelevant or
unnecessary?
Schools are places for children to learn about life,
themselves, other people, as well as academic
information.
IMPORTANCE OF SUMMARIZING
 use to support an argument
 provide context for a paper's thesis
 write literature reviews, and annotate a
bibliography
 you gain a better sense of where you are going
with your writing
 TASKS
1. Create a SUMMARY of a
given text and use
appropriate citation.
2. Use a graphic organizer
to plot the details of the
text.
Points to consider in Summarizing:
 1. Clarify your purpose after you read.
 2. Read and re-read the text until you
understand the meaning.
 3. Locate the gist or main idea of the text which
is usually found in the beginning, in the middle,
or in the end.
 4. Annotate only phrases while reading.
 5. Identify the connections of ideas in a concept
map or graphic organizer.
 6. Combine the sentences into a paragraph. Use
appropriate postbill or transitional words to
show cohesion.
 7. Ensure not to copy a single sentence from the
original text. Paraphrase.
 8. Refrain from adding comments about the text
to ensure accountability.
 9. Make sure to give one-third or two-quarters
of the original text.
 10. Record the details of the original source
(Author’s Name/s, Date of Publication, Title,
Publisher, Place of Publishing and URL (if
online)
 APA FORMAT
AMERICAN
PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASSOCIATION, 7TH Edition
 Three various formats in in-text citations in summaries

IDEA HEADING FORMAT- the summarized

idea comes before the citation.
Example:
 Benchmarking is a useful strategy that has the
potential to help public officials improve the
performance of local services (Folz, 2004).
 AUTHOR HEADING FORMAT

the name of the author comes first before the date and idea

Example:
According to Folz (2004), benchmarking is
a useful strategy that has the potential to
help public officials improve the
performance of local services.
 DATE HEADING FORMAT
the date or the year comes first then the author and the idea

 Example:
In a 2004 study of Folz, benchmarking is a
useful strategy that has the potential to
help public officials improve. the
performance of local services.
 Hyland (1999) lists a frequency of reporting
verbs used according to discipline
Discipline Reporting VERBS from left to right, most common to least common

BIOLOGY Describe Find Report Show Suggest Observe

MARKETING Suggest Argue Find Demonst Propose Show

rate

LINGUISTICS Suggest Argue Show Explain Find Point out

SOCIOLOGY Argue Suggest Describe Note Analyze Discuss

PHILOSOPHY Say Suggest Argue Claim Point out Hold Think

OVERALL Suggest Argue Find Show Describe Propose Report

Stiglitz (2013) suggests that
creating wealth and taking wealth
are two ways becoming wealthy.
 On the other hand, if you are directly
quoting or borrowing from
another work, you should include the
page number at the end of the
parenthetical citation. Use the abbreviation
“p.” (for one page) or “pp.” (for multiple
pages) before listing the page number(s).
Use dash for page ranges. For example,
you might write (Jones, 1998, p. 199) or
(Jones, 1998, pp. 199–201).
Lev Vygotsky, one of the earliest
researchers of social learning theories,
is most well known for describing the
zone of proximal development: “the
discrepancy between a child’s actual
mental age and the level he reaches
solving problems with assistance”
(Vygotsky, 1986, p. 187).
According to Jones (1998),
"students often had
difficulty using APA style,
especially when it was
their first time" (p. 199).
 APA in-text citations with multiple authors

 If a work has two authors, separate their

names with an ampersand (&) in a
parenthetical citation or “and” in a
narrative citation. If there are three or more
authors, only include the first author’s last
name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and
others”.
 Body image issues have been widely associated with social
media usage, particularly in young women (Perloff, 2014).

 Several empirical studies have focused on Facebook usage in

adolescent girls (Meier & Gray, 2014), while a systematic
review by Holland and Timmerman (2016) established a
relationship between social networking and body image for both
women and men.

 The relation between media depictions and body image concerns

is well-established; a meta-analysis by Grabe et al. (2008)
concluded that exposure to mass media is linked to body image
dissatisfaction among women.
 Similarly, Patrick et al. (2007)
found students perceptions of
dimensions of their classroom social
environment, including affiliation,
cohesion, fairness, mutual respect,
and support from teachers and
students are associated consistently
with adaptive motivational beliefs and
achievement behaviors.
Citing a secondary source
(indirect citation)

Miller (1953, as cited in Agrios, 2005) found …

… as was found (Miller, 1953, as cited in Agrios,

2005)
According to Smith, attitude is a
tendency that is attributed to an
individual and regularly forms
his/her thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors related to the
psychological object (Kağıtçıbaşı,
1992; as cited in
Vatansever-Bayraktar and İşleyen,
2018).
According to ( Adebayo, 2008
as cited in Amponsah, 2018 )
many teachers have
insufficient understanding of
teaching literacy and also
have negative attitude
towards teaching pupils
reading strategies.
 APPLICATION

Give the summary of

the following using any
of the techniques.
 1. Original: The equipment is the first major difference
between American football and soccer. In American football,
the players need to wear protective clothing because it can
be a dangerous game to play. The players need to wear
helmets to protect their head, mouth guards for their teeth,
and large pads for their shoulders and back. The players use
a brown ball that is pointed on the ends. On the other hand,
soccer players do not need to wear helmets and lots of
protective pads. The players just have pads to protect their
shins, and the goalie wears gloves. The ball they use in
soccer is round. The ball is usually a bright color like white.
Soccer and American football definitely require different
equipment to play them.
 Summary #1: American football and soccer have
different clothing, which is the biggest
difference between the two sports when
people play them.
 Summary #2: The equipment is different.
 Summary #3: American football and soccer are
different due to the equipment required to play
each one, namely the protective clothing
(helmets and pads) and the ball that is used to
play.
 Dinner groups are a great solution for people who hate to
cook for themselves. A dinner group is a group of friends
that decides to eat dinner together every night. The job of
being the cook rotates every day that the group meets for
dinner. Most college dinner groups meet Monday through
Thursday, to allow group members time on the weekends
to go on dates and visit friends. If there are four people,
everyone cooks dinner one day each week from Monday to
Thursday. If you are only in charge of cooking one meal
each week, you can simply go to someone’s house on the
other days each week and not need to spend time cooking.
Dinner groups allow busy students to eat healthy meals
every night, but only cook once a week. This is an excellent
way to eat healthier and maybe even make a new friend.
 A. A dinner group is a group of friends that decides to eat
dinner together every night
 B. Dinner group is a good answer for those who do not like
to prepare food for themselves.
 C. This is an excellent way to eat healthier and maybe even
make a new friend.
 D. A dinner group is a group of friends that decides to eat
dinner together every night
 2. Original: Exercise is important because it improves your
mental health. First, exercise is the healthiest way to deal with
stress. When we have too much stress, our mental and
emotional health is affected negatively. Exercise can reduce
this impact. Exercise can also influence the balance of
chemicals we have inside our bodies. Exercise releases
endorphins into our bodies and that can help us feel better or
not be depressed. These emotional benefits are very helpful.
Exercise also helps us think more clearly because it brings more
oxygen to the brain. If you watch how you feel when you
exercise, you will notice that your mood and mental clarity
improve.
 Summary #1: Exercise improves your mental health.
 Summary #2: Due to mental health benefits like reducing
stress, balancing chemicals, releasing endorphins, and
helping us think more clearly, exercise is essential.
 Summary #3: Exercise improves your mental health. First,
exercise is the healthiest way to deal with stress. Exercise
can also influence our chemical balance. Exercise also helps
us think more clearly because it brings more oxygen to the
brain.
 Summary #4: Exercise is important because your mental
health is more important than your physical health and
exercise is effective at improving your mental health.
 GOD BLESS
AND CONTINUE THE
YEARNING FOR
KNOWLEDGE …