GLOBALIZATION

AND SOUTH ASIA

AND ASIA
PACIFIC
JORDAN, LEI ALYXA
FRANCISCO, ANGEL MAE
 THE HISTORICAL
CONNECTIONS OF
GLOBALIZATION AND
REGIONALIZATION
GLOBALIZATION
- like this big web that
connects countries all
around the world.
REGIONALIZATION
- Is like when certain groups
of countries in a specific
area decide to work
together more closely.
Two process that is seemingly in tension in
the contemporary world politics:
Two process that is seemingly in tension in the
contemporary world politics:

1) Globalization:
- integrates economic,
political, social, and
cultural lines
Two process that is seemingly in tension in the
contemporary world politics:
2) The emerging influence of Asia
as global force:
- It became a big deal in this global
scene. It's not just China and India,
which are huge and powerful
countries, but the whole region.
Their impact has been growing over
the past few decades.
BEGGININGS OF GLOBALIZATION
AND REGIONALIZATION:
BEGGININGS OF GLOBALIZATION AND
REGIONALIZATION:
- Sweeney contends that the beginnings of
globalization traces back to the period when
human being first put a book into the sea and
started sailing across the ocean.

- The end of the Cold War was particularly

important in changing the context by how
countries interacted with each other.
According to organizations in the 1990s:

1. First it emancipated the states from geopolitical and ideological

constraints.

2. Second, the growing global interdependence and the

consolidation of neo-liberal international financial institutions.
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION, REGION, &
REGIONALIZATION:

Globalization: It is about going back and forth between countries.

Region: Where a group of countries belong together.

Regionalization: It's like when societies or countries start working

together more closely, sharing ideas and doing business together.
Globalization challenges the traditional power of nation-states,
eroding their capacity, autonomy, and sovereignty. Currently, the
global economy gives an advantage to international investors over
domestic political authorities.

Regionalism, on the other hand, emerges as a response to this.

Countries team up regionally to address security concerns and
promote peace and stability..
THE NINE MAJOR CIVILIZATIONS ACCORDING TO
HUNTINGTON (1993):

1. Western 6. Hindu
2. Latin American 7. Orthodox
3. African 8. Buddhist
4. Islamic 9. Japanese
5. Sinie
THE TRADE THEORY
- The strategic trade theory argues that domestic companies
benefit from belonging to a regional market big enough to
allow them sealed economies while still being protected from
global competition.

- This is the benefit as the regional organizations will allow the

national companies the opportunity to succeed in a very
competitive global market. Non-state actors often act as the
impetus towards (new) regionalism.
ARE GLOBALIZATION AND REGIONALIZATION A
CONFLICTING PROCESS?

- Globalization and regionalization are not necessarily

conflicting processes; rather, they represent different
dimensions of the evolving global economic landscape.

- They can coexist and even complement each other in certain

contexts. However, the relationship between globalization and
regionalization is complex and can vary based on the specific
circumstances and goals of different regions and countries.
ECONOMIC GROWTH OF SOUTH ASIA
ECONOMIC GROWTH OF SOUTH ASIA

- The World Bank's report highlights South Asia as the

fastest-growing region globally, surpassing East Asia.

- This growth is attributed to increased regional GDP

from 6.7 percent in 2016 to 7.1 percent in 2018.

- India leads this growth, with GDP expected to reach

7.2 percent in 2018, followed by other nations like
Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Maldives, each with their
own economic challenges.
THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
- The technological revolution and scientific discoveries since
the 1980s have stimulated the further development of
globalization.
- The dominion of neoliberalism resulted to the prevalence of
exploitation over cooperation and the widening gap between
the rich and the poor.
- This is also where the democratic principles have yielded to
market laws.
- Stability then became threatened with the unprecedented
exploitation of global social inequality.
THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
- Unexpectedly today, 1% of the world population has the same
wealth of 82% of the world population. Another threat to the
stability of human kind is the increase of robotization.

- Macro-regionalization is the new paradigm t o the investigated

upon. This is the recompositing of the international order
towards the creation of a specified number of macro-regions.

- There are pivotal states in the world, which aspire to become

the centers of gravity for small countries and thus create their
own macro-regions.
THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

- The UN agenda consists of many open opportunities for

research and collaboration to tackle certain issues, which not
squarely defined, but requires proper experimentation and
collective learning efforts.

- Economic globalization has both the positive and negative

effects. On the positive side, it has improved the standard of
living for the many people in Asia. While on the negative
aspect, the international capital movements have produced
new inequalities of every kind.
THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

- Globalization is also regarded as a "paradigm shift", which

includes the cultural and social shift in our values system
and lifestyle while recognizing and accepting the diversity of
the other system or culture, in the ethnic or religious aspects.

- As Thomas Friedman (2005) noted, "What is new is the

system, what is old is power politics; chaos, clashing
civilization, and liberalism. “
GLOBALIZATION IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

- The Asia-Pacific Region is the only region in the world whose

economic ties are considered significant. This has not really
experienced military factor in the national politics.
- The regional countries have now become postmodernist
states, which focused mainly on strengthening their welfare,
science, and technological developments.
- Among the successful economic development models are
South Korea, Taiwan, Province of China, and Singapore,
which triumphantly emerged from the crisis of the 1970s and
1980s.
GLOBALIZATION IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

- Based on the research studies, the economic development

and success are always intertwined with the globalization
processes and the correctness of institutional structures.

- There must be proper understanding of the increasing

globalization of economic activity and the planning,
implementation, and effectiveness of the different policies.

- These elements also hold true of the role of South Korea,

Taiwan, Province of China, Singapore, Malaysia, and
Thailand in policy-making and particularly of national politics.
SINGAPORE
- Singapore is one of the examples of a country with a highly
competitive environment and flexible taxation policy.
- Singapore has become the second engine of the world
economy contributing more than one-third of the country's
GDP growth is its financial sector.
- Its international monetary exchange is one of the world's
leading financial center, concomitant with London, New York,
and Tokyo (Niels, 2007).
- An Important outbreak also in Singapore is the establishment
of the Southern Triangle, which help in solving the acute
labor shortage with the aid of the Southern State of the
Malaysian and Indonesian.
JAPAN
- There is a reduction in the labor-intensive industries and
services and the development of high-tech areas.

- Japan had developed a detailed scientific, technical, and

innovation policy, which strengthened its production and the
growth of macro-economic indicators.

- At the end of twentieth century and the beginning of the

twenty-first century, the advanced economies utilized
scientific and technological systems.
JAPAN
- To produce a knowledge-based economy, the government
policies and foreign investments play an important role in
strategic alliances with their economic and innovation
breakthroughs.

- Research and innovation activities are particularly important

in the creation and the sale of scientific and technical
products from the production to the industrial use stage.
According to the Materials of the Institute of Government
Accounts and Finance (2004), there must be a close
cooperation between science and industry that will lead to a
change in the structure and nature of the economy.
KOREA
- The globalization of learning is evidently popular in the Republic of
Korea, which became known in the international community.

- This country has contributed to improving the quality of education

through information and communication technologies; specifically, its
national project known as Digital Education.

- Inevitably, the world has become a global village through the growing
process and influence of globalization.
KOREA
- Through trading, the world has become one. This is also true in the
growth of the Asian Region and the Asian economies, which integrate
them into the global economy.

- The factors contributing in the progress of the Asian intra-regional

trades includes the rise in regional income, the elimination of the
trade barriers, and the advances in production and transformation
technologies.

- By theory, an increase in the degree of the trade integration between

the economies does not necessarily mean that the business cycles
are synchronized.
According to JONIEK organizations in the 1990s:

1. First it emancipated the states from geopolitical and ideological

constraints.

• Jonek is sleep pa
• According to joniek of the universe 1990s, “I sleep,
You Watch me nae nae.”

-dodong & inols