Chapter One

Introduction to
Sustainable
Management
Lecture :02
Learning Outcomes
After reading the chapter we can able to-

1.Understand the clear concept about Sustainable Management

2.Understand about the Earth Summit

3.Can get a clear idea about Asian Century

4.Understand about the concept of Green Economy

 Earth Summit
• The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED), also known as the Rio Conference or the Earth Summit was
a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14
June 1992.Earth Summit was created as a response for member states
to cooperate together internationally on development issues after the
Cold War. Due to issues relating to sustainability being too big for
individual member states to handle, Earth Summit was held as a
platform for other member states to collaborate.
 Earth Summit
Objectives:
• The primary objective of the Rio 'Earth Summit' was to produce a broad agenda and
a new blueprint for international action on environmental and development issues. It
would help guide international cooperation and development policy in the Twenty-
first century.
• The other objective was to address pressing environmental challenges and promote
sustainable development on a global scale. It aimed to bring together world leaders,
policymakers, scientists, NGOs, and representatives from various sectors to discuss
environmental issues and formulate strategies for sustainable development.
 Earth Summit
Agreements:
The Earth Summit resulted in the adoption of several significant agreements and documents,
including:
 The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development: A set of principles outlining the
rights and responsibilities of nations concerning sustainable development.
 Agenda 21: A comprehensive action plan for sustainable development, covering various
areas such as poverty reduction, biodiversity conservation, pollution control, and
sustainable resource management.
 The Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): An international treaty aimed at
addressing global warming and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
 The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD): A treaty focused on the conservation of
biodiversity and the sustainable use of biological resources.
 Earth Summit
Participants:
The Earth Summit brought together representatives from 178 countries, including heads of
state, government officials, environmentalists, scientists, and activists. It was one of the
largest gatherings of world leaders and stakeholders dedicated to environmental and
sustainable development issues at the time.

Legacy: The Earth Summit had a significant impact on shaping global environmental policies
and raising awareness about sustainable development. It helped catalyze international efforts
to address environmental challenges, including climate change, biodiversity loss,
deforestation, and pollution. The agreements and commitments made at the Earth Summit
laid the groundwork for subsequent environmental negotiations and conferences, including
the Conference of Parties (COP) meetings under the UNFCCC framework.
 Earth Summit
Issues addressed to Earth Summit:
The issues addressed include-
• systematic scrutiny of patterns of production—particularly the production of toxic
components, such as lead in gasoline, or poisonous waste including radioactive
chemicals.
• alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels which delegates linked to
global climate change.
• new reliance on public transportation systems in order to reduce vehicle emissions,
congestion in cities and the health problems caused by polluted air and smoke.
• the growing usage and limited supply of water
• importance of protecting the world's oceans.
 Asian century
The term the Asian century refers to the dominant economic and political role that
China, India, and their neighbors are expected to play in the 21st century. The concept
gained credence following the rapid economic growth of China and India beginning in
the 1980s, which propelled both nations into the ranks of the world's largest economies.
• The Asian Century refers to the dominant role that Asian nations are expected to play
in the 21st century due to their fast-growing economies and youthful demographics.
• Asia's growth is being powered by China and India, two of the biggest global
economies, as well as by smaller neighbors including Indonesia, Vietnam, the
Philippines, and Bangladesh.
• By 2030, the world’s 10 biggest economies will be made up largely of today's current
emerging markets, according to global bank Standard Chartered.
 Asian century
key Issues regarding the understanding of the Asian Century:
Economic Transformation: Asia has experienced remarkable economic growth and development
over the past few decades, driven by factors such as industrialization, urbanization, technological
innovation, and globalization. Countries like China, India, Japan, South Korea, and others have
emerged as major economic powerhouses, contributing significantly to global GDP and trade.
Demographic Dividend: Asia is home to a significant portion of the world's population, including a
large and youthful workforce. This demographic dividend presents both opportunities and
challenges for economic growth, social development, and human capital investment in the region.
Technological Innovation: Asian countries have become leading hubs of technological innovation,
research, and development. The rise of technology giants in countries like China, India, Japan, and
South Korea has reshaped industries, economies, and societies, driving advancements in areas
such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, information technology, and clean energy.
 Asian century
key Issues regarding the understanding of the Asian Century:
Geopolitical Dynamics: The rise of Asia has significant implications for global geopolitics, shaping power
dynamics, international relations, and security arrangements. The region's growing influence in global
governance institutions, as well as its strategic importance in terms of trade routes, energy resources, and
military capabilities, has elevated its geopolitical significance.
Cultural Influence: Asia's rich cultural heritage, traditions, languages, and arts have gained global
recognition and influence, contributing to cultural exchanges, tourism, and soft power diplomacy. The
spread of Asian popular culture, including music, films, literature, and cuisine, has fostered cultural
connectivity, and understanding across borders.
Challenges and Opportunities: Despite the economic progress and geopolitical prominence, Asia faces
various challenges, including income inequality, environmental degradation, political tensions, social
disparities, and demographic pressures. Addressing these challenges requires concerted efforts in areas
such as inclusive development, environmental sustainability, governance reform, and regional cooperation.
 Asian century
key Issues regarding the understanding of the Asian Century:
Global Integration: Asia's integration into the global economy through trade agreements, investment flows,
supply chains, and technological networks has reshaped global economic landscapes and
interconnectedness. The region's role as an engine of global growth and innovation underscores its
increasing interdependence with the rest of the world.
Sustainability and Resilience: Ensuring sustainable development, environmental conservation, and
resilience to global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, natural disasters, and economic shocks is
crucial for Asia's long-term prosperity and stability. Promoting sustainable practices, green technologies, and
inclusive growth models is essential for navigating the complexities of the Asian Century.
In summary, the Asian Century represents a transformative era characterized by Asia's ascendancy and its
evolving role in shaping the future of the global economy, politics, culture, and society. Understanding the
dynamics and implications of the Asian Century is essential for policymakers, businesses, scholars, and
citizens worldwide as they navigate the complexities of an increasingly interconnected and multipolar world.
 Green Economy
•A green economy is an economy that aims at reducing environmental risks and
ecological scarcities, and that aims for sustainable development without
degrading the environment. It is closely related with ecological economics, but
has a more politically applied focus. The 2011 UNEP Green Economy Report
argues "that to be green, an economy must not only be efficient, but also fair.
Fairness implies recognizing global and country level equity dimensions,
particularly in assuring a Just Transition to an economy that is low-carbon,
resource efficient, and socially inclusive.
 Green Economy
Benefits of Green Economy:
Decrease pollution: An embedded generation renewable energy project has major benefits, one
being that it can help decrease pollution. Pollution can kill animals, plants and cause health
implications for humans such as; chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer and other diseases that
are detrimental to one's health. A greener economy can potentially help improve the quality of our
water, soil, air and environment, which play a role in human life and are a crucial part of many
sectors that contribute to a growing economy.
More job opportunities
With a green economy, there can be more innovative business ideas and a discovery of a new
market that will need a skilled workforce. This opportunity allows more people the chance to start
their own businesses and hire people, and also the opportunity to find jobs. More jobs and
businesses mean societal stability, which can positively impact the economy.
 Green Economy
Benefits of Green Economy:
Takes care of the environment: Apart from fighting pollution, moving to a greener
economy can help take care of the environment. While the damage isn’t reversible, we can
stop or slow any additional harm. This can tackle global warming, loss of biodiversity,
deforestation, and desertification. This means that we can still use natural resources in the
future and that future generations have a chance to live in a sustainable and habitable
environment. This also means that animals will be able to live, and future generations have
the chance to see well-known animals that originate from Africa, and animals that make
Africa what it is today.
Thank You