1he 1okugawa ollLy

LroducLlo
amural(oe who serves) Lhey were Lhe mlllLary
ellLe LhaL 8uled from 11831868
Also kow as 8ushl (Warrlor)
arL 1LroducLlo
W 1hree amural clas 8uled !apa durlg Lhls
perlod
W 1 kamakura shoguaLe 11831333
W 2 Ashlkaga shoguaLe13361373
W 3 1okugawa shoguaLe 16001868
arL 1LroducLlo
ra kow as 1okugawa erlod
Also kow as do erlod as do Was Lhe CaplLal
Came Lo ower vla Lhe 8aLLle of eklgahara l 1600
yasu vlcLory Cver lorces of 1oyoLoml
ded wlLh mperlal 8esLoraLlo l 1868
arL 1LroducLlo
W 1okugawa !apa was kow lL's elaboraLe
sysLem of clvll admlsLraLlo
W 8ased o Lhe Cofucla ad hlLo phllosophy
W 1hls sysLem was also esLabllshed l order Lo
malLal peace ad cosolldaLe power
W orgas of Lhls reglme LhaL wlll be aalyzed l
deLall LhroughouL Lhls presLaLlo
arL 2 8aslc uefllLlo
W 8efore oe ca aalyze of Lhe orgas of Lhe
1okugawa admllsLraLlo oe musL flrsL Pave
a baslc udersLadlg of Lhe
W pollLy of Lhe reglme
W baslc pollLlcal ulL Lhereof
arL 2 (l) 1he 1okugawa pollLy l a
uLshell
W 1he 1okugawa pollLy was Lhe 8akuha
W Lhe bakufu ruled Lhe sLaLe Lhrough regloal
leaders called dalmyo of whom ruled
LerrlLorles called Pa
W L was esseLlally a feudallsLlc sLaLe
arL 2(l) 1he 8aslc pollLlcal ulL
W baslc pollLlcal ulL was Lhe house
W Membershlp of ad sLaLus wlLhl Lhe house
was based o lleage
W ormally subdlvlded lLo Lhree groups
W 1Pead Croup mal famlly composed of Lhe
paLrllleal descedaLs of Lhe house's fouder
W 2 famllles LhaL were closely relaLed Lo Lhe
mal famlly
arL 2(l) 1he 8aslc pollLlcal ulL
W 3 vassal or ocosaguleous subordlaLe
famllles (LowesL raklg house)
W ach house had a symbol or mo LhaL slglfled
membershlp
W 1okugawa mo Lhree hollyhock leaves lslde
a clrcle
CLher examples of mo
M|stsub|sh| no[o c|an
1he bakufu
W 1he rullg house durlg Lhls Llme (house of
1okugawa ) was kow as Lhe 8akufu (LeL
govermeL)
W Lhe bakufu ls usually called Lhe shoguaLe l
gllsh
1he hogu
W bakufu's mal famlly was desceded
paLrllleally from lLs fouder Lokugawa eyasu
W 1he shogu was Lhe
W Pead of Lhe mal famlly of Lhe bakufu
W Pead of sLaLe
W Pls full LlLle was ell Lal shogu (CreaL
barbarlaubdulg lleld Marshal
8ole of Lhe hogu
W 1he hogus were mlllLary dlcLaLors aL Lhls Llme
W 1hey
W passed laws
W ad[udlcaLed dlspuLes
W levled Laxes
W gave flaclal ad/or oLher ald Lo dalmyos whose
reglos were affecLed by aLural dlsasLers
W ruled elLher dlrecLly or ldlrecLly Lhrough LrusLed
vassals
1he mperor
W 1he orlglal mal rulers of !apa
W uesceded from Lhe ?amaLo cla
W ChrysaLhemum ls Lhe mo of Lhe lmperlal
house
W louded by mperor !lmmu who ls sald Lo
have doe so l 11 660 8C
W 8y 1183 much of Lhelr orlglal power was losL
Lo Lhe 8akufu
1he 8ole of Lhe mperor
W role aL Lhls Llme was as Lhe rellglous head of sLaLe
W Lhey coLlued of Lhe ceremolal rellglous role
of prlesLs played by Lhelr acesLors Lhe ?amaLo
cla
W 1hey were Lhe source of pollLlcal leglLlmacy of Lhe
8akufu
W emperor was Lhe source of Lhls pollLlcal
leglLlmacy as he was Lhe rellglous leader of Lhe
sLaLe upo whom was besLowed heave's
madaLe a madaLe derlved from Cofucla ad
hlLo bellefs
1he 8ole of Lhe mperor
W 1he leglLlmlzaLlo of Lhe shoguaLe sLaLus of Lhe
1okugawa house came from Lhe emperor l 1603
W exchage Lhe shoguaLe had Lo
W Lo guaraLee LhaL Lhe lmperlal courLs securlLy
W 1hey were also obllged Lo preserve domesLlc
order ad supervlse Lhe samural esLaLe
nb 1he lmperlal courL composed of Lhe emperor
ad members of Lhe oblllLy was based l kyoLo
mperor !lmmu
ualmyo
W meas greaL ame"
W 8elow Lhe mal famlly
W 1he dalmyo were Lhe regloal mlllLary lords
W govered aL leasL Lhree quarLers of !apa
CoLrol of Lhe ualmyo
W 1hey were'L LoLally auLoomous
W Lhey were accouLable Lo Lhe hoguaLe
W 1okugawa shogus could
W reduce Lhe slze of or coflscaLe Lhe LerrlLorles of
dalmyo cosldered Lo be leffecLlve or hosLlle
Lowards Lhe reglme
W reward Lhe dalmyo who pleased Lhem ew or
expaded LerrlLorles
W 1rasfer dalmyo Lo dlffereL reglos
CoLrol of Lhe ualmyo
W 1hey were also coLrolled by Lhe akl koLal
sysLem
W sLabllshed l 1633 by 1okugawa emlLsu yasu's
gradso
W every dalmyo had Lo move perlodlcally
beLwee do ad hls ha Lyplcally spedlg
alLeraLe years l each place
W Pls wlfe ad helr were requlred Lo remal l do
as hosLages
CoLrol of Lhe ualmyo
W 1he dalmyo lords would have Lo sped so
much moey o Lhese Lrlps LhaL Lhe could oL
sped lL o war
W ach dalmyo was requlred Lo furlsh a umber
of soldlers (samural) l accordace wlLh Lhe
assessmeL of hls ha o hls way Lo ad from
do
8oles of Lhe ualmyo
W 1he roles played by dalmyo was based o
Lhe Lype dalmyo he was
W 1he Lype of dalmyo was based o hls
house's relaLloshlp wlLh Lhe shogu
W 1hey could baslcally be spllL based o
wheLher or oL Lhey were a parL of Lhe
bakufu
8oles of all Lhe ualmyo
W All dalmyo Lwo roles l commo
W 1 serve Lhe lLeresLs of Lhe shogu such Lhe
supply of mlllLary servlces as well as resources
such as mapower moey ad maLerlals for
Lhe purpose of lfrasLrucLural developmeL
W 2 1he oLher role was Lo gover Lhelr ha l a
auLoomous maer
1ypes of ualmyo
W 1hey could baslcally be spllL based o wheLher
or oL Lhey were a parL of Lhe bakufu
W 1he hlghesL raklg dalmyo famllles l Lhe
bakufu were kow as shlmpa or cadeL
famllles
ualmyo l Lhe 8akufu lmpam
W 1he hlghesL raklg dalmyo famllles l Lhe
bakufu were kow as shlmpa or cadeL famllles
W 1hese were LweLy Lhree famllles desceded by
adopLlo or blrLh from eyasu
W 1he gosake or Lhe 1hree uccessor Pouses Lhe
famllles of Lhe MlLo kll ad Cwarl reglos were
Lhe shlmpa famllles whose offsprlg could be
proclalmed shogu lf Lhe prevlous shogu dled
wlLhouL a sulLable dlrecL helr
ualmyo l Lhe 8akufu lmpam
W 1he cadeL famllles were glve large ferLlle
reglos of lad aL sLraLeglc polLs o Lhe
perlphery of !apa
W 1he gosake recelved larger LerrlLorles LhaL
mosL of Lhe oLher cadeL famllles
ualmyo l Lhe 8akufu ludal
W |so known as vassa| fam|||es
W the |owest status |n the bakufu
W fam|||es were descended from the vassa|s
Ieyasu had pr|or to becom|ng shogun
W Most of them rece|ved modest |ands that
were genera||y |ocated c|ose to the d|rect|y
ru|ed 1okugawa doma|ns |n centra| Iapan
ualmyo l Lhe 8akufu ludal
W many bureaucrat|c pos|t|ons were recru|ted
from th|s caste
W mong them for examp|e were pos|t|ons |n two
conc|||atory boards that the shogun sought
counse| and ass|stance from the sen|or and
[un|or counc||ors
W 1he sen|or counc||ors a board of h|gh and
m|dd|e rank|ng da|myo exerc|sed power over
ma[or nat|ona| |ssues such as defense and the
superv|s|on of the |mper|a| court
W 1he [un|or counc||ors were
se|ected from among the |ower
ranked fuda| da|myo and they
exerc|sed power over domest|c
|ssues
ualmyo ouLslde Lhe 8akufu
W kow as 1ozama (ouLslde) houses
W descended from da|myo who d|d not swear
a||eg|ance to the 1okugawa reg|me unt|| after |t
took over Iapan |n 1600
W 1hey were |n|t|a||y a||owed to adm|n|strate over
the|r trad|t|ona| |ands but were then sent to ru|e
reg|ons that were on the far edges of the three
ma|n |s|ands Iem|tsu
W 1hey were not g|ven any adm|n|strat|ve dut|es
outs|de the|r han
W 1hey ru|ed some of the |argest fe|fs
W xamples of such clas were
W Lhe Maeda cla of kaga
W Lhe hlmazu famlly of aLsuma
W Lhe Morl
W Lhe uaLe ( Lhe mo o Lhe scree ls Lhelrs ad
plcLure earller was LhaL of uaLe Masamue)
W Lhe Pachlsuka
W Lhe uesugl
amural
1he |eve| of adm|n|strat|on be|ow the da|myo
became vassa|s through the grant|ng of sma||
f|efs
fter the wars un|f|cat|on ended these samura|
were |ncorporated |nto reg|ona| po||t|es by the|r
respect|ve da|myo that resemb|ed the shogunate
1ypes of amural
W 1wo Lypes
W hl the h|gher ranked samura|
worked w|th the da|myo to set po||c|es
and ma|nta|n goa|s
1he m|dd|e and some of the |ower sh|
served as off|c|a|s beneath them
1ypes of amural
W oLsu|ower ranked samura|
were e|ther reg|ona| so|d|ers or
servants of the sh|
no amural
W Made up Lhe hlgh ma[orlLy of [apa's
populaLlo
W were d|v|ded |nto three groups |n descend|ng
order of status based on the|r occupat|ons
farmers
W art|sans
W merchants
1hese groups p|ayed an |ns|gn|f|cant ro|e |n the
bakuhan
1he [obs Lhe o warrlors go were delegaLed by
samural offlclals llke
regulaLe Lhe ecoomlc acLlvlLy of merchaLs
keep order
Ce example of such a admllsLraLlve poslLlo
would be as a member of a group of clLy elders
whose [ob lL was Lo collecL Laxes eforce laws
ad lvesLlgaLe crlmes
Cocluslo
W 1he 1okugawa adm|n|strat|on was a h|gh|y
autocrat|c bureaucrat|c ar|stocrat|c and
centra||zed reg|me