Name : Kachhadiya Vraj L.

En. no: 1220204001168 (4CE3-D)

Subject : Seminar

Topic
Computer network
 What is a computer network?

A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that can communicate and share
resources.
 Types of computer networks
LAN (Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network)
Privately owned network connecting Wide area network, expansive beyond
devices with shorter delays than LAN and MAN, spanning
MAN/WAN, covering smaller areas like countries/continents. Costly, ownership
schools, hospitals, offering efficient variable. Utilizes PSTN or satellite for
communication. connectivity.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

Metropolitan area network, larger than LAN, connects computers in towns/cities. Expensive,
ownership varies, linking devices within the same or different cities.
Components of a computer
network
• Devices: Computers, servers, routers, switches
• Network Media: Cables, fiber optics, wireless signals
• Network Interface Cards (NICs): Enable devices to connect to the
network
 Network Topologies
Bus Topology
In this topology, all devices are connected to a single backbone cable.

Star Topology
Here, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch.

Ring Topology
Each device is connected to exactly two other devices, forming a single continuous pathway for signal communication.
 Network Topologies
Mesh Topology
Each device connects to every other device; high redundancy,
complex setup.

Hybrid Topology
Combination of two or more topologies; offers flexibility and scalability.

Tree Topology
Hierarchical structure like a tree; scalable but complex management.
 Network Protocols
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
One of the most widely used
network protocols.
It's the foundation for internet
communications.
Consists of four layers:
application, transport, internet, and
link.
HTTP Protocol
HyperText Transfer Protocol for
transmitting web pages.
Supports the exchange of text,
images, sound, video, and other
multimedia files.
Works in a client-server model,
where a web browser acts as a
client.
SMTP Protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol for
sending and receiving emails.
Handles the transmission and
routing of email messages.
Used by mail servers to send and
receive emails over the internet.
Network Security
Firewall Protection
Firewalls act as a barrier between your
network and external threats, filtering
incoming and outgoing traffic.
Encryption Technologies
Implementing strong encryption methods
ensures that data transmitted across the
network remains secure and confidential.

Intrusion Detection Systems

Intelligent monitoring systems detect and respond to potential security breaches in real-time to
safeguard the network.
Advantages of Computer Networks

Efficiency Collaboration Flexibility Security

Computer networks Networks facilitate Networks provide Effective network
enable efficient and quick collaboration, allowing flexibility, enabling security measures can
communication and data multiple users to work on remote access to protect data and prevent
sharing between devices. projects simultaneously. resources and data from unauthorized access.
anywhere.
Osi Model
1 Application Layer 2 Presentation Layer 3 Session Layer
Provides interface for user Ensures end-to-end Manages data routing
communication

4 Transport Layer 5 Network Layer 6 Data Link Layer

Manages data transfer Handles physical media Manages data frames
between devices connection between devices on network.

7 Physical Layer
Transmits raw data over physical medium.
TCP/IP Model

4 32-bit
Layers IP Address
Consists of 4 layers: Application, Transport, Internet, Utilizes 32-bit IP addresses for network communication
Link

The TCP/IP model, also known as the Internet Protocol Suite, is a conceptual model used for establishing communication
over the internet. It consists of four layers - Application, Transport, Internet, and Link. Each layer plays a crucial role in
the transmission of data across networks. Additionally, the model uses 32-bit IP addresses to identify devices on the
network and facilitate communication.
 Conclusion
Computer networks play a vital role in modern society, enabling seamless communication and resource sharing. They
have revolutionized the way we connect and collaborate, shaping the future of technology and innovation.