FUZZY LOGIC

KIT-601
 INTRODUCTION
The 'Fuzzy' word means the things that are not clear or are vague.
Sometimes, we cannot decide in real life that the given problem or statement is either true or
false. At that time, this concept provides many values between the true and false and gives
the flexibility to find the best solution to that problem.
 BASIC TERMS
 Fuzzy logic contains the multiple logical values and these values are the truth values
of a variable or problem between 0 and 1.
 This concept was introduced by Lofti Zadeh in 1965 based on the Fuzzy Set Theory.
 This concept provides the possibilities which are not given by computers, but similar
to the range of possibilities generated by humans.
 In the Boolean system, only two possibilities (0 and 1) exist, where 1 denotes the
absolute truth value and 0 denotes the absolute false value. But in the fuzzy system,
there are multiple possibilities present between the 0 and 1, which are partial
 It is used for helping the minimization of the logics created by the human.
 It is the best method for finding the solution of those problems which are suitable
for approximate or uncertain reasoning.
 It is based on natural language processing.
 FEATURES
• Fuzzy logic is a generalization from standard logic, in which all statements have a
truth value of one or zero. In fuzzy logic, statements can have a value of partial truth,
such as 0.9 or 0.5.
• In standard logic, every statement must have an absolute value: true or false. In fuzzy
logic, truth values are replaced by degrees of "membership" from 0 to 1, where 1 is
absolutely true and 0 is absolutely false.
• Theoretically, this gives the approach more opportunity to mimic real-life
circumstances, where statements of absolute truth or falsehood are rare.
• Because of the similarities with ordinary language, fuzzy algorithms are
comparatively simple to code, but they may require thorough verification and testing.
• Fuzzy logic is an approach to computing based on "degrees of truth" rather than the
usual "true or false" (1 or 0) Boolean logic on which the modern computer is based.
ARCHITECTURE
 RULES

It contains all the rules and the if-then conditions offered by the
experts to control the decision-making system. The recent update
in the fuzzy theory provides different effective methods for the
design and tuning of fuzzy controllers. Usually, these
developments reduce the number of fuzzy rules.
 FUZZIFICATION
Fuzzification is a module or component for transforming the system inputs,
i.e., it converts the crisp number into fuzzy steps. The crisp numbers are
those inputs which are measured by the sensors and then fuzzification
passed them into the control systems for further processing. This component
divides the input signals into following five states in any Fuzzy Logic system:
 INFERENCE ENGINE
• This component is a main component in any Fuzzy Logic system (FLS), because all the
information is processed in the Inference Engine.

• It allows users to find the matching degree between the current fuzzy input and the rules.

• After the matching degree, this system determines which rule is to be added according to
the given input field.

• When all rules are fired, then they are combined for developing the control actions.

• According to the input field, it will decide the rules that are to be fired. Combining the
fired rules, form the control actions.
 DEFUZZIFICATION

Defuzzification is a module or component, which takes the fuzzy set inputs

generated by the Inference Engine, and then transforms them into a crisp
value. It is the last step in the process of a fuzzy logic system. The crisp value
is a type of value which is acceptable by the user. Various techniques are
present to do this, but the user has to select the best one for reducing the
errors.
 MEMBERSHIP FUNCTION
• A graph that defines how each point in the input space is mapped to
membership value between 0 and 1. Input space is often referred to as the
universe of discourse or universal set (u), which contains all the possible
elements of concern in each particular application.

• The membership function is a graph that defines how each point in the input
space is mapped to membership value between 0 and 1. It allows you
to quantify linguistic terms and represent a fuzzy set graphically.
• x-axis represents the universe of discourse.
• y-axis represents the degrees of membership in the [0, 1] interval.
 FUZZY LOGIC APPLICATIONS
• In automobiles, fuzzy logic is used for gear selection and is based on factors such
as engine load, road conditions and style of driving.
• In aerospace, fuzzy logic is used to manage altitude control for satellites and
spacecrafts based on environmental factors.
• In medicine, fuzzy logic is used for computer-aided diagnoses, based on factors
such as symptoms and medical history.
• In chemical distillation, fuzzy logic is used to control pH and temperature variables.
• In natural language processing, fuzzy logic is used to determine semantic relations
between concepts represented by words and other linguistic variables.
• In environmental control systems, such as air conditioners and heaters, fuzzy logic
determines output based on factors such as current temperature and target
temperature.