CONCEPT

OF
LEADERS
HIP &
MANAGE
MENT
objectives
 Define what leadership and management is
 Explain the nurse’s role as a leader
 Define what is meant by positive practice
environment
 Discuss the elements and characteristics of
positive practice environment

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LEADER
SHIP

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× Skill or ability to encourage
people to work together and do
their best to achieve common
goals
× Leads or guides others, is in
charge or in command of others
× It is a myth that leaders are born.
Actually leaders develop by their
own effort
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CHARACTER
ISTICS OF
LEADERS

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CHARACTERISTICS OF A LEADEAR

× Respects rights, dignity, opinions and abilities of others

× Understands the principles of democracy
× Works with a group to guide the group toward a goal
× Understands their own strengths, weaknesses
× Displays self confidence and willingness to take a
stand

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× Communicates effectively & verbalizes
ideas clearly
× Shows self initiative, a willingness to
work, and completes tasks
× Shows optimism, is open minded and can
compromise
× Praises others and gives credit to others
× Dedicated to meeting high standards

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A picture is worth
a thousand words
A complex idea can be conveyed with just a single
still image, namely making it possible to absorb
large amounts of data quickly.

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Use charts to explain your
ideas

White Gray Black

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And tables to compare data

A B C

Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16

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Maps
our office

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P ro f e s s i o n a l n u r s e a s s u m e s t h e rol e s o f
l e a d e r & manager. The se 2 rol e s a re l i nke d
b u t differ.
Manager must have
l e a d e r s h i p abi l i t i e s
Leaders manage

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Manag er – i s a n e m p l o y e e o f a n o r g a n i z a t i o n w h o i s g i v e n
a u t h o r i t y, p o w e r & r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r p l a n n i n g , o r g a n i z i n g ,
coordinating & directing , evaluating works of others.

• Co n t ro l s m a n p o w e r, f i n a n c i a l , & m a t e r i a l
resources
• Set goals, make decisions &
solve problems
• Initiate & implement c h a n g e

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N U R SE S
× Assumes the position within the organization as, UNIT MANAGER,
SUPERVISOR, EXECUTIVE
× A s manager, the nurse is responsible for
1. Efficiently accomplishing the goals of the organization
2. Efficiently using organization’s resources
3. Ensuring effective client’s care
4. Ensuring compliance with institutional, professional regulatory &
governmental standard
5. Development of licensed & unlicensed personnel

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Managemen
t functions
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Planning
-Ongoing process thath involves
assessing situation, establishing goals
and objectives, develops plan of action

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Identifies priorities – what
Delineates who is responsible – who
Determines deadline – when
Describes how the intended outcomes
will be achieved and evaluated - how

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organizing
× Ongoing process of coordinating work involves determining
responsibilities (job description)

× Communicating expectations (nursing policies, procedures)

× Establishing the chain of command for authority

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directing
Is the process of getting the organizations work
accomplished.

× Involves assigning tasks to be completed

× Providing instruction and guidance

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Coordinating
× Process of ensuring the plans are carried out
and evaluating outcomes

× Measures results/actions against standard .

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Positive practice
environment

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• Are settings that support excellence
and decent work. Strive to ensure:

health, safety and personal well-being

of staff
support quality patient care and ;
improve the motivation, productivity
and performance of individuals and
organizations
Positive practice environment
 An environment that is safe, empowering, and
satisfying (ANA, 2016)
 Environment that optimally promotes the
“physical, mental and social well-being” of the
nurses (WHO)
 Work environment focus: job satisfaction and
intent to stay (Al- Hamdan, 2017)

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Elements of positive practice environment
• Occupational health, safety and wellness
policies that address workplace hazards,
discrimination, physical and psychological
violence and issues pertaining to personal
security
× Fair and manageable workloads and job
demands/stress
× Organizational climate reflective of effective
management and leadership practices, good peer
support, worker participation in decision-making, shared
values
× Healthy work-life balance
× Equal opportunity and treatment
× Opportunities for professional development and career
advancement

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Elements of positive practice environment (icn,
2007)
× Professional identity, autonomy and control over practice
× Job security
× Decent pay and benifit
× Safe Staffing levels
× Support and supervision
× Open communication and transparency
× Recognition programmes
× Acces to adequate equipment, supplies and support staff.

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Characteristics of positive practice (Kristensen,
1999)
× Demands that fit the resources of the person
× A high level of predictability
× Good social support from colleagues and managers and
access to education and professional development
opportunities  Meaningful work 
× A high level of influence 
× A balance between effort and reward First level

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Principles
of
managemen
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 a manager has authoirity ,
accountability & responsibility.
 authority
× Is the legitimate right to direct the work of
others
× It is conveyed through leadership actions
× It is always associated with responsibility and
accountability

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accountabiility
× The ability and willigness to assume ownership for
ones actio and accept the conseqeunce of one’s
behavior
× Viewed as hierarchy
a. Starting at individual level – accountability is
reflected in the nurses’s ethical integrity.

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Accountability
b. Institutional or professional level
Institutional reflected in the statement of philosophy and
objectves of the nursing department

Professional level-reflected in the standard of practice

developed by the national nursing association

c. Societal level
d. Reflected in legislated nurse practice acts

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 responsibility
× An obligation to perform a task managers are
responsible for effective utilization of
resources, communication to subordinates and
implementation of organizational goals and
objectives.

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 Skills and
competencies
of manager

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Skills and competencies
1. Think critically – creative cognitive process that includes
problem solving and decision making
2. Communicating well - uses both written and verbal
communication.
- Assertive, expressing ideas clearly, accurately and
honesty.
- Uses networking – establish professional links

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3. Managing resources – budgeting &
determining variances between the actual &
budgeted expenses.

4. Enhancing Employers performance –

Providing appropriate learning opportunities
(in-service training, higher degree)
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Coaching or serve as a preceptor or mentor
Mentor- is a wiser & more experience person
who guides, supports and nurture people.
Preceptor- experienced nurse who assist the new
nurse in improving nursing skills.

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5. Building and managing team
× The team consists of health providers, nurse unlicensed
personnel, therapist, etc each member must feel everybody
is recognize and contributions is valued.
× Managers evaluate the group works

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3 outcomes meausures that are used in
healthcare
1. Effieciency – measures of the resources used in the
provision of nursing services.
2. Effectiveness – the measures of the quantity & wuality of
services provided.
3. Productivity – Ther performance measure both
effectiveness & efficiency of nursing care, measured by
the amount of resources used per client (e.g. required vs.
hours of care provided)

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6. Managing conflict
× Coflict arise from differing values,philosophies, or
personalities.
× It may arise due to competition (position)
× Manager negotiated, collaborate, & compromise
Basic principles for all type of conflict including
- Demonstrating respect for all
- Avoiding blame
- Allowing full discussion
- Using ground rule during meeting
- Exploring alternative solutions
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delegating
- The a c t o f t r a n s f e r r i n g to a c o m p e t e n t
individual, t he authority to perform a s e l e c t e d
n u r s i n g t a s k s i n a -s e l e c t e d s i t u a t i o n .
-Delegate a s s u m e s responsibility for
actual performances.
-Delegator retains accountability for
the outcome (define the task, seek
agreement, monitoring , feedback)

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Principles used by the nurse to determine
delegation to unlicensed assistive personnel
1. Th e n u r s e m u s t a s s e s s t h e i n d iv i d u a l c li e n t
p ri o r to d e l e g a t i n g t a s k s .
2. Th e c li e n t m u s t b e m e d i c a l l y s t a b le o r i n a
c h r o n ic c o n d it io n a n d n o t f r a g i l e .
3. T h e t a s k m u s t b e c o n s i d e r e d r o u t i n e f o r t h i s
client.
4. Th e t a s k m u s t n o t r e q u ir e a s u b s t a n t i a l a m o u n t
o f s c ie n t if i c k n o w l e d g e o r t e c h n i c a l s k i l l .

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Principles used by the nurse to determine
delegation to unlicensed assistive personnel
5. The t a s k m u s t b e c o n s i d e r e d s a f e for t h i s c li e nt.
6. The t a s k m u s t h a v e a p re d i c t a b l e o u t c o m e .
7. Learn the a g e n c y ’s procedures a n d policies
about delegation.
8. Know the sc ope of practice a n d the customary
knowledge, skills, a n d job description for e a c h
health care discipline represented on your team.

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Principles used by the nurse to determine
delegation to unlicensed assistive personnel
9. Be aware of individual variations in work abilities.
Each individual caregiver h a s different experiences
and may not b e capable of performing every ta s k
cited in the job description.

1 0 . Wh e n u n s u r e a b o u t a n a s s i s t a n t ’ s a b i l i t i e s t o
perform a ta s k , o bs e r v e while the person performs
it, or d e m o n s t r a t e it to t h e p e r s o n a n d g e t a return
d e m o n s t r a t i o n b e f o r e a l l o w i n g t h e p e r s o n to perfo rm it
i n d e p e n d e n t l y.

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Principles used by the nurse to determine
delegation to unlicensed assistive personnel
11. Cl a r i f y r e p o r t i n g e x p e c t a t i o n s t o e n s u r e t h e
task is accomplished.
12. Create an atmosphere that fosters
communication, t e a c h i n g , a n d l e a r n i n g . For
e x a m p l e , e n c o u r a g e s t a f f to ask questions,
l i st e n c a re f ul l y to their c o n c e r n s , a n d make
u s e o f e v e r y opportunity to t e a c h .

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Ta s k s t h a t m a y b e d e l e g a t e d t o u n l i c e n s e d a s s i s t i v e
personnel
1. Ta k i n g o f v i t a l s i g n s
2. Mea s ur i ng a n d recording intake a n d output
3. Client t r a n s f e r s a n d a m b u l a t i o n
4. Postmortem care
5. Bathing
6. Feeding
7. Gastrostomy f e e d i n g s in e s t a b l i s h e d s y s t e m s
8. Attending to s a f e t y
9. We i g h i n g
10.P e r f o r m i n g s i m p l e d r e s s i n g c h a n g e s

11.S u c t i o n i n g o f c h r o n i c t r a c h e o s t o m i e s

12.P e r f o r m i n g b a s i c l i f e s u p p o r t ( C P R )

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 TASK THAT MAY NOT BE
DELEGATED TO UNLICENSED

😉 2.
3.
4.
Assessment
ASSISTIVE
1.
PERSONNEL
Interpretation o f d a t a
Making a nursing diagnosis
Creation o f a n u r s i n g c a r e p l a n
5. Evaluation of care effectiveness
6. Care o f i n v a s i v e l i n e s
7. Administering parental medications
8. Insertion of nasogastric tu be s
9. Client e d u c a t i o n
10. Performing triage
11. Giving telephone advice
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THAN
KS!
Any questions?

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