DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

ISEE-760
Week 9 - 2024
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Overview
 Blocking
 Confounding
 Partial Confounding
 Fractional Factorial Designs
 Confirmation Experiments
 Applications
 Understanding Minitab Output
 Performing in Minitab, Interpretation
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Blocking a Replicated Factorial Design

If there are n replicates, then each set of nonhomogeneous conditions define a
block, and each replicate is run in one of the blocks. The run in each block would be
made in random order.
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Discussion

Four experimental trials can be made from a single batch of raw material.
Three batches of raw material will be required to run all three replicates
of this design.
Design
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Understanding the Minitab Output

Block effect is small

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Confounding in the Factorial Design

Confounding is a design technique for arranging a complete factorial experiment in
blocks, where the block size is smaller than the number of treatment combinations in
one replicate.

For confounding the factorial design in two blocks:

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Table of Plus and Minus Signs

AB is confounded
with blocks
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Other Methods for Constructing the Blocks

Defining Contrast
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Design
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Design in Two Blocks with ABC Confounded

principal block
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Partially Confounded

Completely Confounded Partially Confounded

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Question
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Data
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Data Updated Considering Poor Quality Batch

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Minitab Output
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Confounding the Factorial Design in Blocks

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Partial Confounding in Design

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Modified Plasma Etch Experiment

Design with Partial Confounding
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Minitab Output
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Fractional Factorial Designs

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Three Keys
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The One-Half Fraction of the Design

ABC – Generator

If we are estimating A, B, and C but really estimating A+BC, B+AC, and C+AB, then
two or more effects that have this property are called ‘aliases.’ For example, A and
BC might be aliases. We indicate this by the notation [A] A+BC.
I=ABC: Defining Relation
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Terminology
Two one-half fractions of the design
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Plus and Minus Signs

The resolution of a two-level fractional

Resolution III Designs: factorial design is equal to the number
of letters in the shortest word in the
defining relation.
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Two one-half fractions of the design

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Projection of a Design into

Three Designs
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Resolution
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Confirmation Experiments
o Adding the alternate fraction to the principal fraction may be thought of as a
type of confirmation experiment in that it provides information that will allow us
to strengthen our initial conclusions about the two-factor interaction effects.

o A very simple confirmation experiment is to use the model equation to predict

the response at a point of interest in the design space and then actually run that
treatment combination, comparing the predicted and observed responses.
Reasonably close agreement indicates that the interpretation of the fractional
factorial was correct.

Minitab Support:
https://support.minitab.com/en-us/minitab/20/help-and-how-to/statistical-modeling/doe/how-to/factorial/create-factorial-design/create-2-level-factorial-default-generators/examine-the-design/all-statistics/
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Filtration Rate Experiment

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Understanding the Minitab Output

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Process Improvement Experiment

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Design
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Understanding the Minitab Output

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Interpretations
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Fold Over of Resolution III Fractions to

Separate Aliased Effects
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Plackett-Burman Designs
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