Behavioral Modals

FIRO - B

Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO-B)

Is a theory of interpersonal relations, introduced by William Schutz in 1958. This theory mainly explains the interpersonal underworld of a small group The theory is based on the belief that when people get together in a group, there are three main interpersonal needs they are looking to obtain inclusion control and affection/openness This technique was created to measure or control how group members feel when it comes to inclusion, control, and affection/openness or to be able to get feedback from people in a group.

FIRO-B Measures Interpersonal Needs:

All Human Interaction
Inclusion Control Affection [ Openness ] These categories measure how much interaction a person wants in the areas of socializing, leadership and responsibilities, and more intimate personal relations

 Expressed How we interact with others

Wanted How we want others to interact with us

Inclusion
How much do you connect with others or want attention and recognition from them?

The extent to which we include ourselves with others (EXPRESS) or WANT others to include us

Expressed Inclusion Behavior

Talking and joking with others Involving others in projects and meetings Initiating contact and showing interest in others

Wanted Inclusion Behaviour

Being around Seeking recognition Getting involved in high profile projects

Control
Control: the extent to which we control others actions (EXPRESS) or WANT others to guide us

How much do you take charge or want others to give directions

Expressed Control Behaviour

Directing people Decision-making Assuming responsibility

Wanted Control Behaviour

Requesting clarification Wanting direction and guidance Concern for rules Affection

Affection/Openness
The extent to which we EXPRESS liking or loving or WANTING others to be close to us

How much do share about myself and want others to share with me?

Expressed Affection
Reassuring and supporting colleagues Giving gifts to show appreciation Coaching and developing others

Wanted Affection
Being flexible and accommodating Listening carefully to others Trying to please people

 Inclusion types.
the undersocial (low EI, low WI) the oversocial (high EI, high WI) the social (moderate EI, moderate WI)

Control types
the abdicrat (low EC, high WC) the autocrat (high EC, low WC) the democrat (moderate EC, moderate WC)

Affection types
the underpersonal (low EA, low WA) the overpersonal (high EA, high WA) the personal (moderate EA moderate WA)

FIRO-B Models
Fundamental Interpersonal Relationship Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) is an instrument that assist organizations with team-building and how to effectively communicate with others. The FIRO-B instrument identifies a person's reported need to engage other people and to be engaged by others. Differences in this interaction need causes conflicts among team members, when their needs are not being met and the members do not have a framework for understanding an individual's different need for inclusion. The instrument identifies one's need to control others and to have others exercise control over them. When one encounters someone who has a higher expressed control need than they want then there is a tendency to feel micro managed. When the supervisor's expressed control need isn't as high as one's want to be controlled there is a tendency to feel abandoned. The need for openness is extremely important in building relationships, and relationships are the secret to successful networks, so those with low expressed or wanted needs in this dimension have to work at overcoming their innate desire to stay in their comfort zone of close friends. The need for inclusion, control and affection manifest itself in two ways - the need to express, and the need to receive. When working in teams, these different needs provide a strong foundation for understanding the interactions that are happening between team members and an opportunity to enhance respect and trust between team members. FIRO-B is an excellent tool for team members in a number of areas: managing behavior and its results; recognition of sources of and solutions to stagnation in communication and conflict; acknowledgment of unique contributions of the individual, which leads to greater appreciation.

FIRO-B Models
Is an instrument that assist organizations with team-building and how to effectively communicate with others. The FIRO-B instrument identifies a person's reported need to engage other people and to be engaged by others. When working in teams, these different needs provide a strong foundation for understanding the interactions that are happening between team members and an opportunity to enhance respect and trust between team members.

FIRO-B is an excellent tool for team members in a number of areas: managing behavior and its results; recognition of sources of and solutions to stagnation in communication and conflict; acknowledgment of unique contributions of the individual, which leads to greater appreciation.

able patient powerful proud quiet reflective relaxed religious responsive searching self-assertive self-conscious sensible sentimental shy silly smart spontaneous sympathetic

accepting adaptable bold brave calm caring cheerful clever complex confident Dependable mature modest nervous observant Organized tense trustworthy

dignified energetic extroverted friendly giving Happy helpful idealistic independent ingenious intelligent introverted kind knowledgeable logical Loving warm wise witty

Johari Window
Johari Window is a model used to examine the self disclosure process. It provides a pictorial representation of how known you are to yourself and to others. Johri- First Name of its creators-Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham

There are two key ideas behind the tool:

That individuals can build trust with others by disclosing information about themselves. That they can learn about themselves and come to terms with personal issues with the help of feedback from others.

 How coworkers can increase their mutual understanding Is a model to understand the process of Self Disclosure The entire Square represents you as a whole It contains everything that there is to know about you

Open
All information about yourself that you have shared with others. Whenever you tell someone a piece of information about yourself, your open self increases

Hidden
Information that you are aware, but that you have not disclosed or discussed with anyone.

Blind
Information that others know about you, but you yourself are not aware of this information.

Unknown
Neither you, nor others are aware of the information about you. Luft and Ingham always believed that there always remains a portion in everyone which is unknown. So there are always things about you to discover.

Johari Window
Johari Window is a person specific model, there is a different window made for each person that we interact. JW for you and your mother will be different from you and your Boss. All the sizes of panes can change as your relationships evolve. The main objective of JW is to increase the size of open area so that both you and your colleague are aware of your perceptual limitations. This is partly accomplished by reducing the hidden area through disclosure.

Transactional Analysis
Eric Berne Transactional Analysis (or TA as it is often called) is a model of people and relationships that was developed during the 1960s by Dr. Eric Berne. It is based on two notions, first that we have three parts or 'ego-states' to our 'personality, and secondly that these converse with one another in 'transactions' (hence the name). TA is a very common model used in therapy and there is a great deal written about it.

 Method of Analyzing Social Intercourse, called a transaction, between two or more people who encounter each other. In every social intercourse there is a stimulus provided by one individual and a response to that stimuli given by another individual Analysis of Stimulus Response relationship can be done by analyzing the ego state of an individual.

Stimuli
Stimuli are events in the environment that influence behavior. A single stimulus can serve many different functions.

Parent
Huge collection of recording in the brain of an individual of attitudes and behaviors imposed on him in his early years. Uses Always, never, should etc

 Parent, Adult and Child We each have internal models of parents, children and also adults, and we play these roles with one another in our relationships. We even do it with ourselves, in our internal conversations.

Parent
There are two forms of Parent we can play. The Nurturing Parent is caring and concerned and often may appear as a mother-figure (though men can play it too). They seek to keep the Child contented, offering a safe haven and unconditional love to calm the Child's troubles. The Controlling (or Critical) Parent, on the other hand, tries to make the Child do as the parent wants them to do, perhaps transferring values or beliefs or helping the Child to understand and live in society. They may also have negative intent, using the Child as a whipping-boy or worse.

Child
Collection of recording which comes to him naturally from his own seeing, hearing feeling and understanding as a child. Curious, Impulsive, dependent I wish, I care, I guess, I do not care etc,

Child
There are three types of Child we can play. The Natural Child is largely un-self-aware and is characterized by the non-speech noises they make (yahoo, whee, etc.). They like playing and are open and vulnerable. The cutely-named Little Professor is the curious and exploring Child who is always trying out new stuff (often much to their Controlling Parent's annoyance). Together with the Natural Child they make up the Free Child. The Adaptive Child reacts to the world around them, either changing themselves to fit in or rebelling against the forces they feel.

Adult
An individual in this state processes, verifies and updates the data which he has received from other two stares The Adult in us is the 'grown up' rational person who talks reasonably and assertively, neither trying to control nor reacting aggressively towards others. I see, I think, In my opinion

Ego States
Every time a transaction takes place, there is always an ego state which is reflected from both the parties We keep on changing our Ego staes according to situation and the person with whom we are communicating

 Communications (transactions) When two people communicate, each exchange is a transaction. Many of our problems come from transactions which are unsuccessful.

Kinds of transactions
Reciprocal/Complementary (the simplest) Crossed Duplex/Covert (the most complex)

Reciprocal or Complementary transactions

A simple, reciprocal transaction occurs when both partners are addressing the ego state the other is in. These are also called complementary transactions

Example 1:
A: "Have you been able to write the report?" (Adult to Adult) B: "Yes - I'm about to email it to you." (Adult to Adult)

Example 2:
A: "Would you like to skip this meeting and go watch a film with me instead?" (Child to Child) B: "I'd love to - I don't want to work anymore, what should we go and see?" (Child to Child)

Example 3:
A: "You should have your room tidy by now!" (Parent to Child) B: "Will you stop hassling me? I'll do it eventually!" (Child to Parent).

Crossed transactions
Communication failures are typically caused by a 'crossed transaction' where partners address ego states other than that their partner is in. Example:
Foreman to worker: How many pieces have you made till now? (A-A) Worker to foreman : Whenever Ill complete the whole work Ill let you know. (P-C)

In this communication further transaction stops.

Ulterior, Duplex or Covert transactions

Ulterior transactions has double meaning. On the surface level it is a clear adult message. But it also carries a hidden message.