Network Basics

OuLline
Cb[ecLlve
1ypes of neLworks
LAn 1opologles
LAn neLworklng SLandards
neLwork uevlces
ulalup Access
LLherneL Wlrlng
Summary
8eferences
ObjecLive
1o provlde a baslc undersLandlng of how our compuLers are
connecLed LogeLher vla a neLwork
%5es o NeLworks
LAn A Local Area neLwork ls a compuLer neLwork coverlng a
small geographlc area llke a home offlce or group of bulldlngs
Lach node (compuLer) on Lhe LAn has lLs own compuLlng power buL can
also access oLher devlces on Lhe LAn sub[ecL Lo Lhe permlsslons lL has
been allowed 1hese could lnclude daLa processlng power and Lhe ablllLy
Lo communlcaLe or chaL wlLh oLher users ln Lhe neLwork
1he deflnlng characLerlsLlcs of LAns lnclude Lhelr hlgh daLa Lransfer raLes
small geographlc range and lack of a need for leased LelecommunlcaLlon
llnes
MAn MeLropollLan Area neLworks are large compuLer
neLworks usually spannlng a clLy 1hey may use wlreless
lnfrasLrucLure or opLlcal flber connecLlons Lo llnk Lhelr slLes
As wlLh LAns MAns also use communlcaLlons channels of moderaLeLo
hlgh daLa raLes
MlghL be owned and operaLed by a slngle organlzaLlon buL usually used
by many lndlvlduals and organlzaLlons
%5es o NeLworks
WAn Wlde Area neLwork ls a compuLer neLwork LhaL covers a
broad area (le communlcaLlons llnks cross meLropollLan
reglonal or naLlonal boundarles)
Less formally a neLwork LhaL uses rouLers and publlc communlcaLlons
llnks
used Lo connecL LAns and oLher Lypes of neLworks LogeLher so LhaL users
and compuLers ln one locaLlon can communlcaLe wlLh users and
compuLers ln oLher locaLlons
N %o5ologies
us 1opology
8lng 1opology
SLar 1opology
http://Icit.usI.edu/network/chap5/chap5.htm
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/ringtopo.htm
N NeLworking SLandards
LLherneL
A large dlverse famlly of framebased mulLlple access compuLer neLworklng
Lechnologles LhaL operaLes aL many speeds (lLLL 8023)
ueflnes a number of wlrlng and slgnallng sLandards for Lhe physlcal layer
Lhrough means of neLwork access aL Lhe Medla Access ConLrol (MAC)/uaLa
Llnk Layer and a common addresslng formaL
May be used over 1wlsLed alr Coaxlal Cable llber CpLlc Cable eLc medla
1oken 8lng
lnlLlally very successful lL wenL lnLo sLeep decllne afLer Lhe lnLroducLlon of
LLherneL ln Lhe early 1990s (lLLL 8023)
Wlreless lldellLy (Wlll) (We wlll Lalk more abouL Lhls laLer)
Wlreless LAn sLandard (lLLL 80211) used ln place of (and ln addlLlon Lo)
LLherneL for many home and small offlce neLworks
N %o5ologies & NeLworking SLandards
1hese Lopologles have a physlcal and loglcal componenL
us 1opology lmplles a shared access mode (such as used by
LLherneL)
8lng 1opology lmplles a Loken sharlng access mode (such as used
by 1oken 8lng)
SLar 1opology ls Lhe acLual physlcal meLhod by whlch mosL wlred
neLworks are connecLed
NeLwork Devices
neLwork lnLerface ConLroller (nlC)
CompuLer hardware LhaL allows compuLers Lo
communlcaLe over compuLer neLwork uslng cables or
wlrelessly lL provldes physlcal access Lo a neLworklng
medlum and provldes a lowlevel addresslng sysLem
Pub
A devlce for connecLlng mulLlple LwlsLed palr or flber
opLlc LLherneL devlces LogeLher maklng Lhem acL as a
slngle segmenL
SwlLch
A neLworklng devlce LhaL performs LransparenL brldglng
(connecLlon of mulLlple neLwork segmenLs) aL up Lo Lhe
speed of Lhe hardware
NeLwork Devices
Cable Modem
A Lype of modem LhaL provldes access Lo a daLa slgnal
senL over Lhe cable Lelevlslon lnfrasLrucLure prlmarlly
used Lo dellver broadband lnLerneL access
uSL Modem
ulglLal Subscrlber Llne
uSL or xuSL ls a famlly of Lechnologles LhaL provlde
dlglLal daLa Lransmlsslon over Lhe wlres of a local
Lelephone neLwork
Wlreless Access olnL (A)
A devlce LhaL connecLs wlreless communlcaLlon devlces
LogeLher Lo form a wlreless neLwork usually connecLs Lo
a wlred neLwork Lo relay daLa beLween wlreless devlces
and wlred devlces
LllmlnaLes need Lo sLrlng cables and provldes users wlLh
greaLer moblllLy
Dial-U5 ccess
A form of lnLerneL access Lhrough whlch
Lhe cllenL uses a modem connecLed Lo a
compuLer and a Lelephone llne Lo dlal lnLo
an lnLerneL servlce provlders (lS) node Lo
esLabllsh a modemLomodem llnk whlch
ls Lhen rouLed Lo Lhe lnLerneL
Modem (ModulaLoruemodulaLor)
1urns Lhe dlglLal 1s and 0s of a personal
compuLer lnLo sounds LhaL can be LransmlLLed
and recelved over Lelephone llnes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dial-up
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem
LherneL Wiring
1wlsLed palr cabllng ls a form of
wlrlng ln whlch Lwo conducLors
are wound LogeLher for Lhe
purposes of cancellng ouL
elecLromagneLlc lnLerference
(LMl) from exLernal sources and
crossLalk from nelghborlng wlres
1hls cable has an 8!43 [ack on
each end
lL connecLs your C Lo Lhe wall
(hub rouLer eLc)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twistedpair
Summar
1hls secLlon provlded a baslc undersLandlng of how our compuLers
are connecLed LogeLher ln a neLwork
isL o Reerences
hLLp//enwlklpedlaorg/wlkl/Local_area_neLwork
hLLp//enwlklpedlaorg/wlkl/MeLropollLan_Area_neLwork
hLLp//enwlklpedlaorg/wlkl/Wlde_area_neLwork
hLLp//fclLusfedu/neLwork/chap3/chap3hLm
hLLp//wwwcompuLerhopecom/[argon/r/rlngLopohLm
hLLp//enwlklpedlaorg/wlkl/ulalup
hLLp//enwlklpedlaorg/wlkl/Modem
hLLp//enwlklpedlaorg/wlkl/1wlsLed_palr
CyberPatriot wants to thank and acknowledge the CyberWatch program
which developed the original version of these slides and who has graciously
allowed their use for training in this competition.