Feeds and

Forages
Objectives:
At the end of the session, the
participant shall be able to:
1.Identify and enumerate different
forages and feed ingredients
commonly used in feed preparation;
and
2.Calculate and formulate simple
ration.
Feeds & Feeding
Some notes!

*Proper nutrition is essential in keeping

animals healthy and productive.
*Feeds account for more than 80 percent
of the cost of commercial production.
*Making your own feeds cuts down the
costs while increasing your profit margin.
Feeds
-Is a term given to a
particular product
that provides
nutrient.
-They are edible
materials which are
consumed by animals
and contribute
energy / or nutrients
to the animal’s diet.
Classification of Feeds
1. Concentrate

These are
feeds low in
fiber (<20%)
and high in
Total
Digestible
Nutrient (TDN,
>60%)
Concentrate
Energy sources (“Go”) Protein sources (“Grow”)

*Cereal grains *Plant origin

- corn, rice, wheat - copra meal,
soybean meal,
barley
ipil-ipil leaf meal, etc.
*By-products
- rice bran, rice *Animal origin
middling - fish meal, meat
meal,
*Liquid energy source
blood meal, etc.
- molasses, oil
Concentrate

Mineral supplements

*Bone meal
*Egg shell 1% of the total
ration
*Salt
2. Roughages

*These are
feeds high in
fiber (>20%
CF) and low
in Total
Digestible
Nutrient
(TDN, <60%)
Roughages
Proteinaceous roughage Carbonaceous roughages
Contains >10% CP DM basis Contains <10% CP DM basis

*Ipil-ipil *Napier
*Rensoni *Guinea grass
*Indigo *Paragrass
*Kakawate
Vitamin supplements
*Katuray
Green leaves, FFJ, FPJ
*Centrosema
*Mani-manihan
Ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) Rensoni (Desmodium rensonii)

Indigofera (Indigofera tinctoria) Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium)

Katuray (Sesbania grandiflora) Centrosema (Centrosema
pubescens)

Mani-manihan (Arachis pintoi) Napier (Pennisitum purpureum)

 Guinea grass Paragrass
(Panicum maximum) (Brachiaria mutica)
 Other Feed Sources

*Fermented feeds

*Vermicast

*Kitchen left overs

BANANA TRUNK
Gabing San Fernando
Trichanthera
Trichantera gigantea
KANGKONG
OREGANO
Duck Weed
Azolla
Simple Feed
Formulation
Acidifier Plant

Prebiotics Managers

B-agonist Agents
Coccidiostats
Car
Clay
absorbents Gas

Humic acid POS

Feed
ingredients
Feeds should be…

-Economical
-Palatable
-Nutritious
-Locally available
What should we
do?
 Buy
commercial
feed?
or

Formulate
your own
feed?
*Let us formulate!
can
you?

Yes!
Proximate composition of commonly
used feed ingredients
Crude Protein (CP,
Feedstuff
%)
Fish meal 52
Copra meal 20
Protein Soybean meal 48
supplements Ipil-ipil leaf meal 31
Sweet potato 32
Rice bran (D1) 11
Energy Rice middling 9
supplements Corn grits 7
Molasses 2
Proximate composition of commonly
used feed ingredients
Feedstuff Crude Protein (CP, %)

Madre de agua 16-18

Rensonii 22.10
Ipil-ipil 25.22
Indigofera 20-27
Kakawati 21
Mani-manihan 13-25
Napier 6.7
 Simple Feed Formulation and
Calculation
using Pearson Square Method
Formulate 100 kg ration containing 21% Crude protein
Solution… Available ingredients:
Fish meal = 52% CP
Rice bran = 11% CP
FM (52% CP) 10 (10 ÷ 41) x 100 = 24.4%

21%CP = 100%

RB (11% CP) 31 (31 ÷ 41) x 100 = 75.6%

41
 Formulate 100 kg ration containing 21% CP

FM (52% CP) 10 (10 ÷ 41) x 100 = 24.4%

21%CP = 100%

RB (11% CP) 31 (31 ÷ 41) x 100 = 75.6%

41

Fish meal = 24.4% x 100 kg = 24.4 Check: 24.4 kg x 52% = 12.69

kg
Rice bran = 75.6% x 100 kg = 75.6 kg 75.6 kg x 11% = 8.31
100 kg 21
Simple feed formulation using more
than 2 ingredients
Formulate 100 kg ration containing 18% CP

Protein source
40% of Fish meal w/ 52% CP = 0.4 x 52 = 20.8
60% of Copra meal w/ 20% CP = 0.6 x 20 = 12
100% 32.8
Energy source
70% of Rice bran w/ 11% CP = 0.7 x 11 = 7.7
30% of Corn grits w/ 7% CP = 0.3 x 7 = 2.1
100% 9.8
Formulate 100 kg ration containing 18% CP

FM & CM 8.2 (8.2 ÷ 23) x 100 = 35.7%

(32.8% CP)

18%CP = 100%

RB & CG
14.8 (14.8 ÷ 23) x 100 = 64.3%
(9.8% CP)
23

35.7 kg x 0.4 = 14.28 kg Fish meal 64.3 kg x 0.7 = 45.01 kg Rice bran
35.7kg x 0.6 = 21.42 kg Copra meal 64.3 kg x 0.3 = 19.29 kg Corn grits
Check…

35.7 kg x 0.4 = 14.28 kg Fish meal x 52% CP = 7.43

35.7kg x 0.6 = 21.42 kg Copra meal x 20% CP = 4.28

64.3 kg x 0.7 = 45.01 kg Rice bran x 11% CP = 4.95

64.3 kg x 0.3 = 19.29 kg Corn grits x 7% CP = 1.35

100 kg 18% CP
Exercises:
Group 1. Formulate 50 kg ration containing 14%
CP using Rice bran and copra meal

Group 2. Formulate 25 kg ration containing 16%

CP using Rice bran and fish meal

Group 3. Formulate 50 kg ration containing 18%

CP using Rice middling and fish meal

Group 4. Formulate 25 kg ration containing 18%

CP using corn grits and copra meal

All Groups. Formulate 100 kg ration containing 18%

CP using rice bran, corn grits, fish meal and copra
meal
 EM Salad(silage) for poultry
and livestock

Ingredients:
5 kilo greens/gulay(kangkong,
kulitis, lettuce, cabbage,
pechay, etc)
1 kilo D1(pinong darak)
2 liters water
50 ml EM-1 or EMAS
50 ml molasses
 EM Salad(silage) for poultry and
livestock

* Step 1: Mix all the

vegetables together

* Step 2: Add the liquid

components
1
2
3

4
*Serve!
Chicken feed
 30 % Commercial feed
 30 % Rice bran
 30 % Duck weed/azolla
 10 % FPJ (banana&oregano), LABS
 Thank you
for Listening