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p1725 Chapter 10 Slides
p1725 Chapter 10 Slides
Epidemiology
Figure 10.2
EXAMPLE
Using the death rates given below, what can you
say about premature death risk in the population?
Death Rates from a Single Cause by Gender, Age, & Economic Status
High 0% 67% 0% 3%
No new patients were admitted, but 10 patients left during the year:
5 left at 3 months (0.25year) = 5 persons x 0.25years = 1.25person-years
3 left at 6 months (0.5year) = 3 persons x 0.5years = 1.5 person-years
2 left at 9 months (0.75 years)=2 persons x 0.75years = 1.5 person-years
Person-years for patients leaving the clinic: 4.25 person-years
190 stay all 12 months (1year) = 190 persons x 1year = 190 person-years
Figure 10.8
EXAMPLE - Calculating Relative Risk
Disease No Disease
Exposed 300 200
Not Exposed 150 350
RR = a/(a+c) ÷(c/(c+d) = 300/450 ÷ 150/500
= 2.23
Interpreting results:
or
Figure 10.10
EXAMPLE - Calculating Odds Ratio
Disease No Disease
Exposed 300 200
Not Exposed 150 350
OR = (a/c) ÷(b/d) = (300/150)÷ (200/350) = 2/0.5714
= 3.5
Interpreting results:
or
Figure 10.1
Population level data for Clinic Patients with
medication-related Hyperthyroidism for current year
(n=16) and the previous year
Characteristics: THIS YEAR LAST YEAR
(% or mean)
Average l-thyroxine dose (mean ± std dev) 38mcg (± 10mcg) 45mcg (±18mcg)
Months since most recent symptoms appeared (mean ± std dev) 1.5 (± 0.04) 3 (±4.5)
Table 10.1
Cross-Sectional Survey of Patients with medication-
related Hyperthyroidism for one year (n=16)
Characteristics: TOTAL
Gender (%) 4 (25%) male 12 (75%) female
Self-reported compliance 28 (± 3)
(mean days/ month took dose ± std dev)
Medical Lab where T4 / TSH analyzed MML 16 (100%)
Table 10.2
Sample of Case Report Data for five of the 16 clinic
patients with medication-related hyperthyroidsim
Characteristics: CF LA CW HT HC
Gender F F M F M
Age 62 23 43 13 37
Date last prescription filled prior to onset of Jan 29 Feb 1 Jan 24 Jan 29 Jan 25
hyperthyroidism symptoms
Table 10.3
Relative Risk from Cohort Study of Medication Errors
Figure 10.9
Odds Ratios from Case-Control Study of Med Errors
Figure 10.11