Supervised by,

Mr. Ashraf Yaseen

Overview….
 Brief Introduction about Knowledge
Acquisition.
 How it can be achieved?.
 KA Stages.
 Model.
 Problems that are encountered
 KADS.
 KADS Principles.
 References.
Brief Introduction
Definition:
 Knowledge Acquisition (KA) is the transfer and
transformation of potential problem solving
expertise from some knowledge source to a
program.
 Knowledge Acquisition is a large process itself
and is composed of five stages which will be
explained later.
How it can be achieved???

 Could be achieved by a computer program that

creates associations using a large body of case
data.

 Knowledge Elicitation: Series of interviews

between the domain expert and the knowledge
engineer who then writes a computer program
representing the knowledge.

 Interaction between a domain expert and a

computer program
KA Stages…
 The five stages in the KNOWLEDGE
ACQUISITION Process:
1) Identification- Identifies the problem characteristics
2) Conceptualization - Finds Concepts to represent the
knowledge
3) Formalization - Designs the structure to organize the
knowledge
4) Implementation - Formulates rules, frames etc. to
represent the knowledge
5) Testing - Validates the rules that organize the
knowledge
KA Stages…

Reformulation

Redesign

Refinements

Find Design Formulate Validate

Identify
problem concepts structure rules to rules that
characteris to to embody organize
tics. represents organize knowledge. knowledge
knowledg knowledg
e. e
Identification Conceptualization Formalization Implementation Testing
Model…
 After the knowledge engineer gets the Information
from the expert, this data is used to construct an
appropriate model.
 KADS is an example of a model contains four
layers (Strategy, Task, Inference, Domain).
 Other examples are task based conceptual model
like (OPAL system), Metalevel acquisition tool like
(DOTS system), and other models..
 Problems..
 There may be some problems with transferring
knowledge in the process of knowledge acquisition
like:
1) Experts expressing his/her knowledge. (the expert
uses a process to solve problems & this process is
internal)
2) Transferring the Knowledge to a machine. (in an
organized way, In order for the machine to
understand or make any sense of the knowledge it
has to be in a more detailed/lower level than a
human would use).
3) The number of participants involved in the transfer.
(may cause problems between participants.)
4) Extracting not only the knowledge but its actual
structure too.
 KADS

•KADS is framework for a modeling approach of knowledge

engineering.
•Knowledge-Based systems are not just containers of
knowledge
•They are operational model that exhibits some desired
behavior and impacts real-world phenomena
•Knowledge elicitation is not just eliciting domain knowledge
but also interpreting this data with respect of some conceptual
framework, and formalize it in such a way that the program
can actually use the knowledge
 KADS Principles
•Introduction of multiple models to cope with knowledge
engineering complexity

•The KADS four-layer framework for modeling the required

expertise.

•The reusability of generic model components.

•The process of differentiating simple models into more

complex ones.

•The importance of structure-perceiving transformation of

models of expertise into design and implementation.
 Continue…...
•The motivation of KADS is to manage complexity.

•The first principle provides multiple models to help

knowledge engineering in facing some issues:

•Defining the problem that the expert system is meant to

solve.

•Defining the function of the expert system

•Defining the tasks that must be performed to fulfill the

expert system’s function
References
 “Introduction to Expert System”, 3rd
edition, Peter Jackson.
 http://www.epistemics.co.uk/Notes/63-0-
0.htm
 http://www.scism.sbu.ac.uk/inmandw/
review/knowacq/review/rev11656.html
Thank
You
For
Listening