Modal verbs

MusL/MusL noL/Should/ Should noL/can/can noL

8y !alme Andres Perrera
Source wwwengllshclubcom
Modal verbs
W A moda| verb %also moda| moda| aux|||ary
verb moda| aux|||ary) ls a Lype of auxlllary verb
LhaL ls used Lo lndlcaLe modallLy LhaL ls
llkellhood ablllLy permlsslon and obllgaLlon
W xamples of modal verbs
lor Lhe purpose of Lhls class we wlll work only wlLh
musL can and should
an
ou|d
May
M|ght
Must
Cught to
Sha||
Shou|d
W|||
Wou|d
Modal verb Can"
W an ls an auxlllary verb a modal auxlllary
verb We use can Lo
Lalk abouL posslblllLy and ablllLy
make requesLs
ask for or glve permlsslon
noLe 1he Modal verb Can" ls an lnformal way Lo
menLlon all Lhe slLuaLlons menLloned before
SLrucLure Cf Modal verb Can"
W sub[ecL + can + maln verb
W 1he maln verb ls always Lhe bare lnflnlLlve
%lnflnlLlve wlLhouL Lo)
Form Subject Auxiliary
verb
Main Verb
tennis.
+ I Can Play
- He Can not Play tennis.
can't
? Can You Play tennis?
Dses of Modal verb Can"
W 9oss|b|||ty and Ab|||ty
W We use can Lo Lalk abouL whaL ls posslble whaL we are
able or free Lo do
She can drlve a car
!ohn can speak Spanlsh
can not hear you % cant hear you)
an you hear me?
W normally we use can for Lhe presenL 8uL lL ls posslble
Lo use can when we make presenL declslons abouL
fuLure ablllLy
an you help me wlLh my homework? %presenL)
Sorry m busy Loday 8uL can help you Lomorrow %fuLure)
Dses of Modal verb Can"
W equests and Crders
W We ofLen use can ln a quesLlon Lo ask somebody
Lo do someLhlng 1hls ls noL a real quesLlon we
do noL really wanL Lo know lf Lhe person ls able Lo
do someLhlng we wanL Lhem Lo do lL! 1he use
of can ln Lhls way ls lnformal %malnly beLween
frlends and famlly)
an you make a cup of coffee please
an you puL Lhe 1v on
an you come here for a mlnuLe
an you be quleL!
Dses of Modal verb Can"
W 9erm|ss|on
W We someLlmes use nf Lo ask or glve permlsslon
for someLhlng
an smoke ln Lhls room?
?ou cant smoke here buL you can smoke ln Lhe
garden
W %lor Lhls case Lhe use of Can" ls lnformal)
W A facL Lo remember
1he maln verb ls always Lhe bare lnflnlLlve %lnflnlLlve
wlLhouL Lo) We cannoL say
can Lo play Lennls
Modal verb MusL"
W Must (sub[ect|ve
ob||gat|on)
We ofLen use must Lo
say LhaL someLhlng ls
essenLlal or necessary
for example
must go
SLrucLure Cf Modal verb MusL"
W Must ls a modal auxlllary verb L ls followed
by a maln verb 1he sLrucLure ls
sub[ecL + must + maln verb + complemenL
W 1he maln verb ls Lhe base verb %lnflnlLlve
wlLhouL Lo)
Sub[ecL Auxlllary Most Maln verb ComplemenL
musL go home
?ou musL vlslL us
We musL sLop now
Dses of Modal verb MusL"
W n general must expresses persona| obllgaLlon Must
expresses whaL Lhe speaker Lhlnks ls necessary Look
aL Lhese examples
must sLop smoklng
?ou must vlslL us soon
Pe must work harder
W n each of Lhe above cases Lhe obllgaLlon ls Lhe
oplnlon or ldea of Lhe person speaklng n facL lL ls
noL a real obllgaLlon L ls noL lmposed from ouLslde
Dses of Modal verb MusL"
W L ls someLlmes posslble Lo use must for real
obllgaLlon for example a rule or a law 8uL
generally we use have to for Lhls
W We can use must Lo Lalk abouL Lhe present or
Lhe future Look aL Lhese examples
must go now %presenL)
must call my moLher Lomorrow %fuLure)
W We cannoL use must Lo Lalk abouL Lhe past
We use have Lo" Lo Lalk abouL Lhe pasL
negaLlve form of MusL
W 1he negaLlve form of musL ls musL noL" or
musLnL"
W Sub[ecLlve CbllgaLlon MusL" can be used
for rule or a law Powever lL ls noL mandaLory
Lo obey Lhe rule or law
W xample
?ou musL noL go Lo school
SLrucLure Cf Modal verb MusL
noL"
Sub[ecL + Auxlllary verb musL" + noL + Maln verb
+ ComplemenL
Sub[ect Aux|||ary Verb
"Must"
Negat|ve
"Not"
Ma|n Verb omp|ement
She MusL noL Swlm 1omorrow
Pe MusL noL lay 1ennls
MusL noL Love ?ou
Modal verb Should"
W Shou|d ls an auxlllary verb a modal auxlllary
verb We use sboolJ malnly Lo
glve advlce or make recommendaLlons
express a duLy
Lalk abouL probablllLy and expecLaLlon
express Lhe condlLlonal mood
SLrucLure Cf Modal verb Should"
W sub[ecL + should + maln verb + complemenL
W 1he maln verb ls always Lhe bare lnflnlLlve
%lnflnlLlve wlLhouL Lo)
orm Sub[ect Aux|||ary Verb Ma|n Verb
+ Pe Shou|d go
Pe
shou|d not
go
shou|dnt
? Shou|d Pe go?
SLrucLure Cf Modal verb Should"
W noLlce LhaL
Shou|d ls lnvarlable 1here ls only one form of
sboolJ
1he maln verb ls a|ways Lhe bare lnflnlLlve We
cannoL say Pe should Lo go
1here ls no shorL form for shou|d 1he negaLlve
shou|d not can be shorLened Lo shou|dnt
Dses of Modal verb Should"
W Shou|d G|v|ng adv|ce op|n|ons
W We ofLen use sboolJ when offerlng advlce or
oplnlons %slmllar Lo ooqbt to)
?ou should see Lhe new !ames 8ond movle Ls greaL!
!ohn should geL a halrcuL
Pe shouldnL smoke And he should sLop drlnklng Loo
WhaL should wear?
1hey should make LhaL lllegal
1here should be a law agalnsL LhaL
eople should worry more abouL global warmlng
Dses of Modal verb Should"
W AnoLher use of sboolJ %also slmllar Lo ooqbt
to) ls Lo lndlcaLe a klnd of obllgaLlon duLy or
correcLness ofLen when crlLlclzlng anoLher
person
?ou should be wearlng your seaL belL %)
should be aL work now %duLy)
?ou shouldnL have sald LhaL Lo her %correcLness)
Pe should have been more careful
Should you be drlvlng so fasL?
Dses of Modal verb Should"
W We use sboolJ Lo lndlcaLe LhaL we Lhlnk
someLhlng ls probable %we expecL lL Lo
happen)
Are you ready? 1he Lraln should be here soon
$10 ls enough L shouldnL cosL more Lhan LhaL
LeLs call Mary She should have flnlshed work by
now
Dses of Modal verb Should"
W We ofLen use Lhe condlLlonal sLrucLure f were you
should Lo glve advlce
f were you should complaln Lo Lhe manager
f were you shouldnL worry abouL lL
shouldnL say anyLhlng lf were you
W noLe LhaL we can omlL f were you and [usL say
should complaln Lo Lhe manager
shouldnL worry abouL lL
shouldnL say anyLhlng
W n Lhese cases Lhe phrase should really means
someLhlng llke you should
Dses of Modal verb Should"
W f we donL undersLand %or agree wlLh)
someLhlng we may use Why should?
Why should lL be lllegal Lo commlL sulclde? Ls
your llfe
Why should? and Pow should? can also
lndlcaLe anger or lrrlLaLlon
Pelp me wlLh Lhls | Why should ?
Where are my keys? | Pow should know?