ORCAAIZA1IOAAL BEHAJIOUR ORCAAIZA1IOAAL BEHAJIOUR

Session 2&3
CROUP
"Madness is the exception in individuals but the rule in groups"
-F.Aietzsche
Identification of groups
Individual Exercise
IdentiIy all the groups that you have been part oI
Irom your childhood.
Group Exercise
Consolidate and make an exhaustive list oI
groups
hy do people join groups?
Group Exercise
%errorist groups: L%%E, AL-Queda
Politics
Religion
ProIessional Association/ Club
Organization
Family
hy do people join groups?
$ecurity individuals can reduce the insecurity
$tatus - inclusion in the group gives recognition
$elI-esteem provides Ieelings oI selI-worth
AIIiliation It IulIills social needs
Power achieve the impossible in through group
Goal achievement pool talents, knowledge to
complete a job
hat are Croups?
%wo or more individuals, interacting and
interdependent, who have come together to achieve
particular objectives
Robbins (2001)
efining and
Classifying Croups
Formal Formal
Command Croups Command Croups
Task Croups Task Croups
!nterest Croups !nterest Croups
Friendship Croups Friendship Croups
!nformal !nformal
1ypes of groups
Formal group:
ork group defined by organization's structure
W ommand group:
A group composed of the individuals who report directly to a given
manager. Superior and subordinate group
W Task group:
A group that works together to complete a task
1ypes of groups
nformal groups
A group that is neither formally structured nor
organizationally determined ; appears in response to the
need for social contact.
nterest group
Group that work together to attain a specific objective
Friendship group
Group that share one or more common characteristics
Classification of groups
Group Exercise (Worksheet)
ORK CROUP BEHAJIOUR
7oup Behavio7 Model 7oup Behavio7 Model
ExternaI ExternaI
Conditions Conditions
Performance Performance
and and
Satisfaction Satisfaction
Group Group
Task Task
Group Group
Structure Structure
Group Group
Member Member
Resources Resources
Group Group
Processes Processes
Croup Behaviour Model
External conditions
GROUPS EXST THE OTEXT OF A ORGAATO
Organizational strategy
Authority structures
Formal regulations
Resources
Organizational Culture
Physical work setting
9e7nal Condi9ions 9e7nal Condi9ions
Imposed on 9he 7oup Imposed on 9he 7oup
0vera|| slralegy
Aulror|ly slruclures
Forra| regu|al|ors
Resources
Erp|oyee se|ecl|or
Eva|ual|or-reWards
Cu|lure
wor| sell|rg
Croup Members Resources
nowledge, $kill and Attitude
Personality Characteristics
Croup Structure
Formal Leadership
Roles: Expectations oI signiIicant others and selI
Norms: Acceptable standards oI behaviour
$tatus : $ocially deIined position
$ize:
Composition: Diversity is the key
Cohesiveness: Attracted and motivated stay in the group
Roles
W Role Identity Certain attitudes and behaviors consistent
with a role
W Role Perception - An individual`s view of how he or she
is supposed to act in a given situation
W Role Expectations - how others believe a person should
act in a given situation
W Psychological ontract - An unwritten agreement
that sets out what management expects from the employee,
and vice versa.
W Role ConIlict A situation in which an individual is
conIronted by divergent role expectations
Croup Processes
Group processes:
nclude: ommunication, Decision making, Leader
behaviour, Power dynamics, onflicts, ollaboration.
Effectiveness of group processes:
Group efficacy + Process gains - Process losses

Group effectiveness
Croup Processes .Contd.
Synergy
An action that results in an effect that is different from the
individual summation of the substances
Ex- Social loafing : egative synergy - Process Loss
Research team : Positive synergy - Process Gain
Social facilitation effect
The tendency for performance to improve or decline in response
to the presence of others
W Ex: Speech - private practice and public delivery
11ec9s o1 7oup P7ocesses 11ec9s o1 7oup P7ocesses
PotentiaI
Group
Efficiency
PotentiaI
Group
Efficiency
PotentiaI
Group
Effectiveness
PotentiaI
Group
Effectiveness
Process Losses
Social Loafing
Process Losses
Social Loafing
Process Gains
Synergy
Process Gains
Synergy
Croup 1asks
ntervening or moderating variable
The size and the performance relationship are
moderated by the task requirements
omplexity and interdependence of tasks influence
Group performance
Croup 1asks
%ypes
$imple: Routine or standardized
Complex : Novel or non-routine
%he more complex, the more alternative work
methods, interdependence and inIormation processing
Performance
All independent variable and intervening variable
contribute
Discussion point
Moderate to Low
Productivity
High
Productivity
Moderate
Productivity
Low
Productivity
Cohesiveness
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
N
o
r
m
s
High Low
Cohesiveness Cohesiveness- -Productivity ReIationship Productivity ReIationship
High
Low
Satisfaction
Discussion point
Croup Exercise
Apply the group behaviour model in your group
context
Use the worksheet