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CW A SuSLnSlCn WC8kS
1he car wheel experlences a verLlcal
acceleraLlon as lL passes over an
lmperfecLlon
WlLhouL an lnLervenlng sLrucLure all of
wheels verLlcal energy ls Lransferred Lo Lhe
frame whlch moves ln Lhe same dlrecLlon
ln such a slLuaLlon Lhe wheels can lose
conLacL wlLh Lhe road compleLely 1hen
under Lhe downward force of gravlLy Lhe
wheels can slam back lnLo Lhe road surface
WhaL you need ls a sysLem LhaL wlll absorb
Lhe energy of Lhe verLlcally acceleraLed
wheel allowlng Lhe frame and body Lo rlde
undlsLurbed whlle Lhe wheels follow bumps
ln Lhe road
CMCnLn1S
W S8lnCS
W uAML8S
W Cn18CL A8M
Dampers Shock Absorbers
unless a dampenlng sLrucLure ls presenL
a car sprlng wlll conLlnue Lo bounce aL
lLs naLural frequency unLll all of Lhe
energy orlglnally puL lnLo lL ls used up
1he shock absorber ls a devlce LhaL
conLrols unwanLed sprlng moLlon
Lhrough a process known as dampenlng
Shock absorbers work ln Lwo cycles
Lhe compresslon cycle and Lhe exLenslon
cycle 1he compresslon cycle occurs as
Lhe plsLon moves downward
compresslng Lhe hydraullc fluld ln Lhe
chamber below Lhe plsLon 1he exLenslon
cycle occurs as Lhe plsLon moves Loward
Lhe Lop of Lhe pressure Lube
compresslng Lhe fluld ln Lhe chamber
above Lhe plsLon
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o|| spr|ngs 1hls ls Lhe mosL common componenL of suspenslon and ls ln
essence a heavyduLy Lorslon bar colled around an axls oll sprlngs compress and
expand Lo absorb Lhe moLlon of Lhe wheels
aslc Sprlng ehavlor
y F k
ky F
/ =
=
3 2 1
3 2 1
1 1 1 1
k k k k
k k k k
parallel
series
+ + =
+ + =
Sprlng MaLerlals Wlres
roperLles of lnLeresL
W lgh sLrengLh
W lgh yleld
W Modulus may be low for energy sLorage
W osL
W 1emperaLure reslsLance (eg valve sprlngs)
W orroslon reslsLance
Sprlng ueflnlLlons and alculaLlons
W Sprlng lndex
W
W AcLlve Lurns -
f
W Sprlng deflecLlon
resulLs from Lorslon
under load
W Sprlng sLress
lncludlng
1orslon
ulrecL shear
SLress
concenLraLlon
n
or
Wahl facLor

=
s
K
/
F
/
F
/
F
/
F
3 3
2 3
max
8
2
1
1
8
4 8
x x
x x
t
=

'
+

'

+ =
+ =
s c w
w
K K

K
/
F
K
= +

=
=
15 . 0
4 4
1 4
8
3
max
x
t
SLress ulsLrlbuLlon
SuSLnSlCn
lnuLLnuLn1 uLLnuLn1
AnAL?SlS
8CAu LCAu
lLLS 8CAu 8CuCnLSS ALLL8A1lCn 8AklnC
C8nL8lnC
u?nAMlS Cl A vLlLL
S1A1l AxLL LCAuS
onslder Lhe vehlcle shown ln llgure above 1he welghL of vehlcle acLlng aL lLs
cenLer of gravlLy ls
C m g
u?nAMl AxLL LCAuS
ASSuM1lCnS
1 SmooLh roadway
2 onsLanL speed cornerlng
3 onsLanL longlLudlnal acceleraLlon
4 hassls of car ls rlgld
1he vehlcle raklng on Level Cround
1he vehlcle aL Lhe lnsLanL of ornerlng
1he vehlcle on a uownhlll Crade
AL8Cu?nAMl u8AC
uCuLL WlSCnL SuSLnSlCn
1hls ls a Lype of JoobleA or Jooble booe suspenslon 1he wheel splndles are
supporLed by an upper and lower A shaped arm
klneLlc Analysls of uouble Wlshbone Suspenslon
1Ank ?Cu