nuCLLC1luL

Nur| Ayanat| Nov||asar|

3311081080
Puman
W 1he human genome pro[ecL ls Lhe resulL of an lnLernaLlonal consorLlum
among many dlfferenL sequenclng and blolnformaLlcs cenLers A wealLh of
daLa ls avallable lncludlng Lhe annoLaLed assembled genomlc sequence
LranscrlpL sequence llbrary resources expresslon daLa map daLa dlsease
and funcLlonal lnformaLlon and more 1he resulL ls an unprecedenLed
amounL of knowledge concernlng human geneLlcs LhaL wlll evenLually
resulL ln breakLhroughs ln undersLandlng human blology as well as
slgnlflcanL medlcal advancesA challenge faclng researchers Loday ls LhaL
of analyzlng and lnLegraLlng Lhe pleLhora of daLa avallable 1he human
genome sequence provldes a crlLlcal foundaLlon for conLlnued advances ln
medlclne baslc research and cllnlcal dlagnosLlc Lechnologles
Puman
Puman
Puman
CLnCM
Puman
CLnCM
Puman
C8CAnLL
8abblL (CrycLolagus cunlculus)
8abblL (CrycLolagus cunlculus)
W 8abblL Otyctoloqos coolcolos exlsLs ln Lhe wlld and as domesLlcaLed
varleLles 8abblLs are valued boLh as peLs and as game anlmals 8abblLs
are also commonly used ln medlcal research and ln safeLy LesLlng of
consumer producLs such as drugs and cosmeLlcs 1he Otyctoloqos
coolcolos haplold genome ls esLlmaLed Lo be 3300 Mb 1he dlplold
genome ls organlzed ln 21 palrs of auLosomes and Lwo sex chromosomes
8abblL (CrycLolagus cunlculus)
CLnCM
8abblL (CrycLolagus cunlculus)
C8CAnLL
9asLeurela pesLls (?erslnla pesLls)
9asLeurela pesLls (?erslnla pesLls)
W Yersinio 1hls genus conslsLs of 11 specles 3 of whlch are human paLhogens Speclflc
vlrulence facLors are encoded wlLhln paLhogenlclLy lslands (9Als) LhaL are requlred for Lhe
lnvaslve phenoLype assoclaLed wlLh tslolo lnfecLlons 1hese 9Als may be carrled on
exLrachromosomal plasmlds or on Lhe chromosome Cne key vlrulence plasmld conLalned by
Lhe Lhree humanspeclflc paLhogens ls pCu1/p?v whlch encodes a Lype lll secreLlon sysLem
for Lhe dellvery of vlrulence proLelns LhaL conLrlbuLe Lo lnLernallzaLlon lnLo Lhe hosL cell
Yersinio pestis 1hls specles was orlglnally descrlbed by lnsLlLuL 9asLeur sclenLlsL Andre ?ersln
ln 1894 ln Pong kong lL ls Lhe causaLlve agenL of plague (bubonlc and pulmonary) a
devasLaLlng dlsease whlch has kllled mllllons worldwlde 1he organlsm can be LransmlLLed
from raLs Lo humans Lhrough Lhe blLe of an lnfecLed flea or from humanLohuman Lhrough
Lhe alr durlng wldespread lnfecLlon tslolo pstls ls an exLremely paLhogenlc organlsm LhaL
requlres very few numbers ln order Lo cause dlsease and ls ofLen leLhal lf lefL unLreaLed 1he
organlsm ls enLerolnvaslve and can survlve and propagaLe ln macrophages prlor Lo spreadlng
sysLemlcally LhroughouL Lhe hosL tslolo pstls conslsLs of Lhree bloLypes or serovars
AnLlqua Medlavalls and CrlenLalls LhaL are assoclaLed wlLh Lhree ma[or pandemlcs
LhroughouL human hlsLory 1he flrsL occurred durlng Lhe flrsL mlllenlum Lhe second occurred
from 1300 up Lo Lhe 19Lh cenLury (8lack ueaLh) and Lhe Lhlrd sLarLed ln Chlna durlng Lhe
19Lh cenLury and conLlnues Lo Lhls day A fourLh blovar Lype has been proposed
MlcroLustslolo pstls conLalns mulLlple coples of lnserLlon elemenLs especlally lS100 as
compared Lo oLher tslolo spp and 2 speclesspeclflc plasmlds pM11 and p9C91 pM11
encodes a proLeln murlne Loxln LhaL alds raLLohuman Lransmlsslon by enhanclng survlval of
Lhe organlsm ln Lhe flea mldguL ueep Llssue lnvaslon ls due Lo Lhe presence of a plasmlnogen
acLlvaLor encoded on Lhe p9C91 plasmld tslolo pstls also conLalns a 9Al on Lhe
chromosome LhaL ls slmllar Lo Lhe S9l2 9Al from 5olmoollo LhaL allows lnLracellular survlval ln Lhe
organlsm
9asLeurela pesLls (?erslnla pesLls)
CLnCM
9LASMlu
9asLeurela pesLls (?erslnla pesLls)
lowlpox vlrus
W ow|pox v|rus |so|ate n438]Mun|ch
@oxooomy lu 10263
lobtlt blost oom v|ruses
ook no rank
otlc co 1ranslaLlon Lable 1 (SLandard)
Otbt ooms
synonym ow|pox v|rus (|so|ate n438Mun|ch)
W ow|pox v|rus stra|n NVSL
@oxooomy lu 928301
lobtlt blost oom v|ruses
ook no rank
otlc co 1ranslaLlon Lable 1 (SLandard)
Otbt ooms
synonym ow|pox v|rus (stra|n NVSL)
lowlpox vlrus
lowlpox vlrus