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Quy c:
Quy c:
Xem phn ng: mA + mB
pC + qD
qV = UV= Tng ni nng sn phm- tng ni nng tc cht
qP = H P= Tng Entalpi sn phm- Tng Entalpi tc cht.
H
2H2(k) + O2(k)
2H2O(l)
=-136,6kcal
298
o K
H2(k) +1/2 O2(k)
H2O(l) H 298 K= - 68,3kcal/mol
o
o
o
H
CH4(k)+2O2(k)
CO2(k)+2H2O
298 K=-212,80kcal/mol
Nng lng lin kt:
Nng lng lin kt gia 2 nguyn t A-B l nng
lng cn thit cht t lin kt A-B.k hiu EA-B.
o
Bi tp 1:
Xc nh hiu ng ca phn ng:
Al2O3(r) + 3 SO3(k)
Al2(SO4)3(r). Bit:
Al2O3(r)
SO3(k)
Al2(SO4)3(r)
-399,1
- 94,5
- 821,0
Sinh nhit
H so
(kcal/mol)
S: -138,4 kcal
Bi tp 1A:
Xc nh hiu ng ca phn ng:
Al2O3(r) + 3 SO3(k)
Al2(SO4)3(r). Bit:
o
H
Sinh nhit
s
SO3(k)
Al2(SO4)3(r)
- 94,5
- 821,0
(kcal/mol)
o Bit thiu nhit ca nhm ktc l -199,55
kcal/mol.
Bi tp 2:
Xc nh hiu ng ca phn ng t
chy glucose iu kin tiu chun. Bit:
C6H12O6
(glucose)
CO2(k)
H2O(l)
-304,0
-94,5
-68,3
Sinh nhit
H so
(kcal/mol)
S: - 672,8 kcal
Bi tp 3:
Xc nh hiu ng nhit ca phn ng thy
phn ure thnh CO2 v NH3. Bit:
(NH2)2CO
H2O(l)
dd(ure)
CO2
NH3
(dd)
(dd)
-98,7
-19,3
Sinh nhit
H so
-76,3
-68,3
(kcal/mol)
S: 7,3 kcal
Bi tp 4:
Xc nh hiu ng ca phn ng:
2 CO(k) + 4 H2(k)
H2O(l) + C2H5OH. Bit:
CO (k) H2 (k) H2O(l) C2H5OH(l)
Thiu nhit
H Co
-67,6
-68,3
-----
(kcal/mol)
oS: - 81,7 kcal
-326,7
Bi tp 5:
Tnh nng lng lin kt O-H trong phn t
nc. Bit:
Sinh nhit ca H2O(h) l -57,8 kcal/mol.
Nng lng lin kt: EH-H = 104,2 kcal/mol.
EO=O= 117,0 kcal/mol. S: 110,25 kcal/mol
Bi tp 6:
Tnh nng lng lin kt C=C trong phn t
C2H4. Bit:
Sinh nhit chun ca C2H4 = 12,5 (kcal/mol).
Nhit chuyn trng thi.
o
H
C(r)
C(k)
pu = 171,5 kcal/mol.
Nng lng lin kt: EH-H = 104,2 kcal/mol.
EC-H = 99,0 kcal/mol.
S: 142,9 kcal/mol
Bi tp 7:
Tnh hiu ng nhit ca phn ng hydr ha etylen:
CH2=CH2 + H2
C2H6.
Bit nng lng lin kt:
Nng lng
lin kt
(kcal/mol)
EC=C
EC-H
EH-H
EC-C
142,5
99
104,2
78,0
S: - 29,3 kcal
1.Entropi ca mt cht:
Entropi l thc o mc hn n ca
vt cht, k hiu S.
Trng thi vt cht t hn n th gi tr
ca S cng nh.
Trng thi vt cht cng nhiu hn n th
gi tr ca S cng ln.
2. Bin thin entropi ca phn ng:
o
= Tng S(sn phm ) tng S(cht tham gia)
S pu
G = H- TS.
Bin thin nng lng t do G opu
Bin thin anthalpi Hopu
Bin thin entropi Sopu
Gopu Ho TSopu
Bi tp 8:
Cho phn ng: CaCO3
Sinh nhit H so
(kcal/mol)
Entropi
So
(cal/mol.oK)
CaO + CO2
CaCO3
-288,5
CaO
-151,9
CO2
-94,1
22,2
9,5
51,1
Bi tp 9:
Tnh bin thin nng lng t do chun:
Fumarat + H2O
malat
Bit:
Sinh nhit H so
(kcal/mol)
CaCO3
-288,5
CaO
-151,9
CO2
-94,1
Entropi
So
22,2
9,5
51,1
(cal/mol.oK)
Xc nh chiu t xy ca phn ng ( ktc).
Xc nh nhit ti CaCO3 b phn hy?
V d 1 (trang 68)
V d 2 (trang 68)
V d (trang 69)
V d 1 (trang 70)
V d 2 (trang 70)
V d 3 (trang 71)
V d 1 (trang 76)
V d 2 (trang 77)
V d (trang 77)
Cc Bi tp: 3.6; 3.7; 3.8; 3.13; 3.14; 3.15 trang
(81, 82)