GOVT DEGREE COLLEGE,

TIMARNI

SUBJECT - MATHEMATICS

TOPIC – LOGIC GATES

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 Logic Gates
B.Sc. Final Year 2023-24

Submitted To Submitted By
Mrs Manisha Rajpoot Aditi Sharma
Anamika Manik
Ankita Chauhan
 INTRODUCTION
A logic gate is a device performing a Boolean logic
operation on one or more binary inputs and then outputs
a single binary output.
The logic gates are called 'gates' because they give a '1'
on the output only when a particular combination of '0'
and '1' is present at the inputs. This combination is the
'key' to open the gate which is the output.
Each logic gate has is own logic symbol which allows
complex functions to be represented by a logic diagram
The function of each gate can be represented by a truth
table.
The basic logic gates are categorized into seven types as
AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, XNOR, and NOT.
A logic gate takes input and produces a single output by
performing operations on the input. In this way, logic
gates are analogous to functions in mathematics. The
input and output for a logic gate is in the form of bits
(binary digits) which are either 1(one) or 0(zero).
Basic Logic Gates
 AND GATE
An AND gate has a single output and two or more inputs.
When all of the inputs are 1, the output of this gate is
1.The AND gate’s Boolean logic is Y=A.B if there are two
inputs A and B.
 OR GATE
Two or more inputs and one output can be used in an OR
gate. The logic of this gate is that if at least one of the
inputs is 1, the output will be 1. The OR gate’s output will
be given by the following mathematical procedure if
there are two inputs A and B: Y=A+B
 NOT GATE
The NOT gate is a basic one-input, one-output gate.
When the input is 1, the output is 0, and vice versa. A
NOT gate is sometimes called an inverter because of its
feature. If there is only one input A, the output may be
calculated using the Boolean equation Y=A’.
Universal Logic Gates
 NAND GATE
A NAND gate, sometimes known as a ‘NOT-AND’ gate, is
essentially a Not gate followed by an AND gate. This
gate’s output is 0 only if none of the inputs is 0.
Alternatively, when all of the inputs are not high and at
least one is low, the output is high. If there are two inputs
A and B, the Boolean expression for the NAND gate is
Y=(A.B)’
 NOR GATE
A NOR gate, sometimes known as a “NOT-OR” gate,
consists of an OR gate followed by a NOT gate. This gate’s
output is 1 only when all of its inputs are 0. Alternatively,
when all of the inputs are low, the output is high. The
Boolean statement for the NOR gate is Y=(A+B)’ if there
are two inputs A and B.
SPECIAL PURPOSE GATES
 XOR GATE
The Exclusive-OR or ‘Ex-OR’ gate is a digital logic gate that
accepts more than two inputs but only outputs one value.
If any of the inputs is ‘High,’ the output of the XOR Gate is
‘High.’ If both inputs are ‘High,’ the output is ‘Low.’ If both
inputs are ‘Low,’ the output is ‘Low.’ The Boolean
equation for the XOR gate is Y=A’.B+A.B’ if there are two
inputs A and B.
 XNOR GATE
The Exclusive-NOR or ‘EX-NOR’ gate is a digital logic gate
that accepts more than two inputs but only outputs one.
If both inputs are ‘High,’ the output of the XNOR Gate is
‘High.’ If both inputs are ‘Low,’ the output is ‘High.’ If one
of the inputs is ‘Low,’ the output is ‘Low. If there are two
inputs A and B, then the XNOR gate’s Boolean equation is:
Y=A.B+A’B’.
APPLICATIONS OF LOGIC GATES
Computers : Logic gates are used in the design of
computer circuits, including the central processing unit
(CPU) and memory.
Digital circuits: Logic gates are used to build a variety of
digital circuits, such as flip-flops, counters, and shift
registers.
Communication systems: Logic gates are used in
communication systems, such as modems and routers, to
perform signal processing and control data flow.
Control systems: Logic gates are used in control systems,
such as elevators and traffic signals, to make decisions
and control the flow of information.
Medical equipment: Logic gates are used in medical
equipment, such as heart monitors and blood glucose
meters, to process and analyze data.
Industrial automation: Logic gates are used in industrial
automation, such as programmable logic controllers
(PLCs), to control and monitor industrial processes.
Automobiles: Logic gates are used in automobiles, such
as engine control systems and anti-lock brakes, to process
sensor data and control various systems.
Aerospace: Logic gates are used in aerospace, such as
flight control systems and navigation systems, to process
and control information.
Consumer electronics: Logic gates are used in consumer
electronics, such as televisions, DVD players, and gaming
consoles, to process and control data.
Military: Logic gates are used in military equipment, such
as radar and missile guidance systems, to process and
control data in real-time.
THANK YOU