Design of Logic gates

and their Applications

 Group 3

 AP20110010012(Challa Aditya Koundinya)

 AP20110010013(Kaushik Aadhithya Chiratanagandla)
 AP20110010014(Srinivasarao Botla)
 AP20110010016(B. Rohan Gokul)
 AP20110010017(M Narasimha Rao)
 Logic Gates

 Logic gates are the fundamental building blocks of digital circuits.

 Logic gates means that these are circuits which make decisions based on the
input given and the output is different for different inputs.
 All Logic gates are realized by either diodes or Transistors
 Types of Gates
 NOT Gate
 OR Gate
 AND Gate
 NOR Gate(Universal Gate)*
 NAND Gate(Universal Gate)*
 XOR Gate
 XNOR Gate

Those gates which can be used to

*Universal gates:- implement any Boolean function as a
circuit without any other type of logic
gates.
 NOT Gate

 The NOT gate is an electronic circuit that produces an inverted

version of the input at its output. It is also known as an inverter. Let
as assume If the input variable is A, the inverted output is known as
NOT A.
 Logical Expression: C =
 Specification of not gate is IC7404.

Truth Table
A C
0 1
1 0
 Applications of NOT Gate

 NOT Gates are generally used in the making of clock signals or pulses
as they require continuous oscillations between high and low.

 Can be used to make logical equivalents other gates.

Eg : NAND Gate will be equivalent to AND gate with NOT gate.
 OR Gate

 The Logic OR Gate is a type of digital logic circuit whose output is

HIGH to a logic level 1 only when one or more of its inputs are HIGH.
 Specification of NOR gate is IC7432.

Truth Table
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
Applications of OR Gate

 Used in safety system or alarm

circuits, where if any of the safety
parameters is broken then the circuit
gives high output and sounds the
alarm.
 Applications of OR Gate
 Eg: Electricity from the power station, electricity from the inverter to
power a bulb at home.
There are 4 cases:

Electricity from the Electricity Bulb is

power station from the Operational
inverter
Yes(1) Yes(1) Yes(1)
Yes(1) No(0) Yes(1)
No(0) Yes(1) Yes(1)
No(0) No(0) No(0)

 This represents the OR gate between the Inputs Electricity from the power
station and Electricity from the inverter to power the bulb.
The Bulb is operational if there is electricity from any source.
 AND Gate
 The AND gate is an electronic circuit which gives high output only when
all its inputs are high.
 Logical Expression: C = A.B

Truth Table
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
 Applications of AND Gate

 AND Gates can be used wherever there is a requirement for multiple conditions to
be satisfied for an output.
 Eg: Multiple bit counters(present state and next state both need to be considered)
 NOR Gate
 The NOR gate is an electronic circuit that produces an inverted
version of OR Gate at its output. If the input variable is (A,B), then
the output is known as A NOR B. Logical Expression: C =
 States:

Truth Table
A B C
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
 Applications of NOR Gate

 Specification of NOR gate is IC7402.

 NOR gate is used to construct the basic gates similar to AND gate. For this
reason it is called a Universal gate.
 A NOR gate can be used as an OR gate, an AND gate as well as a NOT gate.
 NAND Gate
 NAND Gate is a Digital Logic Gate which gives a Low output
only when all the inputs are High inputs.
 NAND Gate is also considered a Universal Gate.
 Specification of NAND Gate is IC7400.

Truth Table
A B C
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
 Applications of NAND Gate

 NAND Gates are used widely as they are universal gates.

 Used in making memory elements like Latches, Flip Flops(SR,JK,D,T)
 Exclusive-OR (XOR) Gate
 XOR Gate is a Digital Logic Gate which gives a high output
when the number of high inputs is odd.
 The Logic Gate outputs 1 only when one of the two inputs
is 1.
 Logical expression: C = A. + .B
 Specification of XOR Gate is IC7486.
Truth Table
A B C
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
 Applications of XOR Gate
 The property of XOR gate to output 1 only when inputs are
different(in two input) is used to control outputs in many logic
circuits.
 XOR is used as a comparator to know if the input signals are
equal.
 It is used in many combinational circuits like Half Adders and
Full Adders.
 Applications of XOR Gate

 XOR Gate are also used in conversion between number systems like
Binary to Gray code.
 Exclusive-NOR (XNOR) Gate
 XNOR Gate is a Digital Logic Gate which gives a High
output when the number of High inputs is Even.
 The Logic Gate outputs 1 only when both of the two
inputs are same.
 Logical Expression: C = A.B + .
 Specification of XNOR Gate is IC7400.
Truth Table
A B C
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
 Applications of XNOR Gate

 The innate property of XNOR gate to output 1 only when inputs

are same(in two input) makes it a Basic comparator of binary
bits.
 Also used in encryption and arithmetic circuits as a combination
of XNOR and XOR gates.
 Example of Logic Circuit using Logic
gates
A

 INPUTS: A B
 Output: C
 Expression: C = (((A.) (A))+()) ()
Thank you