ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL & COLLEGE
(BOYS)
SADDAR KARACHI
Subject: Computer
Subject Code : 2210
Teacher’s Name: Ms. Tasmia Niazi
Date:1st , 3rd Dec 2020
Day: Tuesday & Thursday
Class: OI
OSP Lecture 1
1
Chapter : Memory & Data Storage
REVISION:
Memory Device:
Device that is used to store data or programs (sequences of instructions)
on a temporary or permanent basis.
Types of Storage devices.
There are three major storage formats on which data is stored.
• Primary Storage
• Secondary Storage
• Offline Storage
2
Primary storage
Primary storage (also known as main memory ) is the
component of the computer that holds data , programs
and instructions that are currently
in use.
Primary storage is located on the motherboard .
TYPES OF PRIMARY STORAGE:
1. (RAM)
2. (ROM)
3
ROM= Read Only Memory
• You can write data only once. However, once it is written,
you can read it any number of times
• A ROM chip is used mainly in the start-up process of a computer.
• Its content are not lost when the power supply is switched off.
• A ROM is non-volatile memory.
4
RAM
• The full form of RAM is Random Access Memory.
• The information stored in this type of memory is lost when the
power supply to the PC or laptop is switched off.
• Much faster to read from and write.
RAM chips are available in two form:
i. SRAM(Static RAM)
ii. DRAM(Dynamic RAM)
5
Difference between SRAM & DRAM
6
Learning Objectives:-
• Secondary Storage
i. (HDD)
ii. SSD
• Offline Storage.
i. CD/DVD/DVD-RAM (Optical storage system)
ii. Blu-ray disks (Optical storage system)
iii. USB Flash memory/memory sticks/SD-XD Cards (Solid state storage system)
iv. Removable/External Hard disk drives. (Magnetic storage system)
7
Secondary Storage
The Hard Disk
•Main internal backing storage.
•A hard disk stores:
1. Operating system
2. Software applications or programs
3. the majority of your data files
• Hard disks spin at very high speed
(around 7,200 RPM - revolutions per minute)
• Vulnerable to mechanical shocks
8
How data is written/saved in a HDD?
9
10
Offline Storage
11
External Hard disk
• A portable storage device
• Attached through a computer via USB
• Have high storage capacity
12
Solid State Drive (SSD)
• Made up of Integrated Circuit (IC)
• The chip is the medium at which data
is stored.
13
Optical storage
Optical storage device writes and reads data from optical storage medium by using a LASER.
14
1: Compact Disk or CD:-
• Plastic disc containing digital data
• Scanned by a RED laser beam
• Formats
CD-ROM
CD-R
CD-RW
15
2: Digital Video Disc or DVD:-
• Scanned by a RED laser beam
• Over 2 hours of high-quality digital video (over 8 on a double-sided,
dual-layer disc).
• Durability (no wear from playing, only from physical damage).
• Formats
DVD-ROM
DVD-R or DVD+R*
DVD-RW
16
Difference between a CD & a DVD
17
3: Blu-ray Disk
• High capacity storage of video and data
• Uncompressed surround sound
• Scanned by a BLUE laser beam
• laser has a shorter wavelength
• This allows the laser to focus on a smaller area
18
CD vs. DVD vs. Blue-ray Writing
19
Future of Optical media
• Laptop/Computer/Mobile/Tablet
• Portable music player (iPod)
• Using Cloud (Google drive)
• Streaming (requires stable internet connection e.g: SoundCloud)
• Smart TV
20
USB Flash memory
• A device used for data storage that includes a flash memory
and an integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface.
• They use sold state technology.
• Connect to a PC using a USB port.
• Main advantage: Small & portable, can also be used as a
backup device.
21
Revision
• Backing Storage/Secondary Storage
i. (HDD)
• Offline Storage.
i. External Hard disk
ii. Solid State Drive
iii. Optical Storage
iv. Compact Disk OR CD
v. DVD
vi. Blu ray Disk
vii. Future of optical media
viii. USB/Pen drive
22
Homework # 1
Q1: What is a Backing Storage/Secondary Storage?
Q2: What is a Hard disk? How it works? What are its advantage and disadvantages?
Q3: List some Offline Storage devices.
Q4: Explain how an external hard disk works?
Q5: What is a Solid-State Drive (SSD)?
Q6: Give an example of SSD.
Q7: What is Optical Storage? Explain some of the optical storage devices.
Q8: What is a USB Flash memory?
23
Homework # 2
• Solve Activity # 6.4 & 6.5 in your notebook.
24
