Di. A.K.

Saini
i FMS-MBA(MS) i:]i:]:oii
SLrucLured problem solvlng
Sysiems
Analysis
Sysiem
Design
Piogiamming
Tesiing
Conveision
Pioduciion 8
Mainienance
: FMS-MBA(MS) i:]i:]:oii
SysLems Analysls
O Defining ile pioblem
O Ideniifying iis cause
O Specifying ile soluiion
O Ideniifying infoimaiion iequiiemenis
FMS-MBA(MS) i:]i:]:oii
!ob of SysLem AnalysL
O A Road Map
O Deiails pioblems --- examining, obseiving,
inieiviewing
O A Feasibiliiy Siudy --- financial, ieclnical,
oiganizaiional
O Seveial Alieinaiives
O Assess feasibiliiy of eacl
O Desciibe eacl -- iepoii
FMS-MBA(MS) i:]i:]:oii
ConLlnued
O siablisling Infoimaiion Requiiemenis
----- wlo, wlai, wleie, wlen, low
FMS-MBA(MS) i:]i:]:oii
SysLems ueslgn
O ow
O Oveiall Plan oi Model
O Sysiem specificaiions --- ase and fficiency
FMS-MBA(MS) i:]i:]:oii
CompleLlng Lhe SysLem
uevelopmenL rocess
Tle iemaining sieps in ile sysiems developmeni piocess iianslaie ile
soluiion specificaiions esiablisled duiing sysiem analysis and design
inio a fully opeiaiional infoimaiionsysiem.
O Piogiamming
i. In ilis siage ile sysiem specificaiion ilai weie piepaied duiing ile
design siage aie iianslaied inio sofiwaie piogiamcode.
:. Many oiganizaiions no longei do ileii own piogiamming foi new
sysiems. Insiead, iley puiclase ile sofiwaie ilai meeis ile
iequiiemenis foi a new sysiem fiom exieinal souices sucl as sofiwaie
paclages fiom a commeicial sofiwaie vendoi, sofiwaie seivices fiom an
applicaiionseivice piovidei eic.
FMS-MBA(MS) i:]i:]:oii
O Tesiing
xlausiive and iloiougl iesiing musi be conducied io asceiiain
wleilei ile sysiem pioduces iigli iesulis. Tesiing answeis ile
quesiion, "Will ile sysiem pioduces ile desiied iesulis undei lnown
condiiions?"
Tesiing an infoimaiionsysiemcan be biolen down inio iliee sieps:
Unit testinq : Ii consisis of iesiing eacl piogiam sepaiaiely in ile
sysiem. Tle puipose of iesiing slould noi be locaiing ile eiiois in ile
piogiams bui focusing on finding all ile ways io male a piogiam fail.
Once iley aie pinpoinied, pioblems can be coiiecied.
System Testinq : Ii iesis ile funciioning of ile infoimaiion sysiem as a
wlole. Tlis is io deieimine wleilei discieie module will funciion
iogeilei as planned oi noi.
Acceptonce testinq : Afiei sysiem iesis aie evaluaied by useis and
ieviewed by managemeni, accepiance iesiing piovides ile final
ceiiificaiion.
USMS-MBA i:]i:]:oii
O Conveision
Ii is ile piocess of clanging fiom ile old sysiem io ile new sysiem.
Foui main conveisionsiiaiegies aie:
orollel Stroteqy : Boil ile old sysiem and iis poieniial ieplacemeni aie
iun iogeilei foi a iime uniil eveiyone is assuied ilai new one
funciions coiiecily.
Advaniages - Safesi appioacl as in ile eveni of eiiois oi piocessing
disiupiions, old sysiemcan siill be used as a baclup.
Disadvaniages- Veiy expensive, addiiional siaff oi iesouices may be
iequiied io iun exiia sysiem.
Direct Cutover : Old sysiem is eniiiely ieplaced wiil ile new sysiem on
an appoinied day.
Advaniages- Piobably no addiiional siaff oi iesouices aie iequiied.
Disadvaniages- Dislocaiion, disiupiion, and ile cosi of coiieciions may
be enoimous.
ilot StuJy : Tle new sysiem is iniioduce io only a limiied aiea of ile
oiganizaiion, i.e. a single depaiimeni oi opeiaiing unii. Afiei
successful iesiing in woil depaiimeni , ii is insialled iliougloui ile
iesi of ile oiganizaiion.
FMS-MBA(MS) i:]i:]:oii
Plased Appioacl: Tlis siiaiegy iniioduces ile new sysiem in siages,
eiilei by funciions oi by oiganizaiional unii.
PioduciionAnd Mainienance
Afiei ile compleiion of conveision , ile sysiem is said io be in
pioduciion. Tle sysiem is ieviewed by boil useis and ieclnical
specialisi io deieimine lowwell ii las mei iis oiiginal objeciives.
Afiei ilai ii musi be mainiained wlile ii is in pioduciion io coiieci
eiiois, meei iequiiemenis oi impiove piocessing efficiency.
io FMS-MBA(MS) i:]i:]:oii
AlLernaLlve SysLem 8ulldlng Approaches
O Because of sysiemic diffeiences in scale and
ieclnology diffeieni appioacles aie used io deal wiil
sysiem building
O Tleie aie iliee main appioacles
O Tiadiiional Sysiems Life Cycle
O Pioioiyping
O nd Usei Developmeni
ii FMS-MBA(MS) i:]i:]:oii
1radlLlonal SysLems Llfe Cycle
O A plased appioacl wiil a foimal division of laboui
O Ii mainiains a waieiiigli disiinciion beiween end
useis and infoimaiion sysiem specialisis
O nd useis aie confined io pioviding infoimaiion
iequiiemenis
O Ii is siill used foi building laige complex sysiems
wlicl iequiie piedefined specificaiions, iigoious
iequiiemeni analysis and iigli coniiols.
i:]i:]:oii FMS-MBA(MS) i:
A graphlcal represenLaLlon
i:]i:]:oii FMS-MBA(MS) i
roLoLyplng
O Ii consisis of building an expeiimenial sysiem iapidly
and inexpensively.
O Infoimaiion iequiiemenis aie beiiei undeisiood and
impioved afiei inieiaciion wiil ile pioioiype
O Foui Sieps of pioioiyping
O Ideniify usei iequiiemenis
O Develop iniiial pioioiype
O Use ile pioioiype
O Revise and enlance pioioiype
i:]i:]:oii FMS-MBA(MS) i
AdvanLages and ulsadvanLages
O Advaniages
O Useful wlen ileie is unceiiainiy aboui iequiiemenis
O Useful in designing end usei inieiface
O Disadvaniages
O asiy pioioiypes may be accepied wlicl migli piove
inefficieni
i:]i:]:oii FMS-MBA(MS) i
SLC v/s roLoLyplng
i:]i:]:oii FMS-MBA(MS) i
Lnd user uevelopmenL
O Tlis is ile developmeni of an infoimaiion sysiem wiil
liiile oi no foimal assisiance fiom ieclnical specialisis
O Tlis is made possible by fouiil geneiaiion languages
O Non pioceduial as compaied io conveniional languages
O Wlai needs io be accomplisled need be specified
O Sieps need io be minimally specified
i:]i:]:oii FMS-MBA(MS) i
1he seven caLegorles
W PC sofiwaie iools: Geneial Puipose Sofiwaie Paclages
WQueiy language: Language foi ieiiieving daia sioied in files
W Repoii Geneiaioi: xiiaci non iouiine iepoiis io cieaie
cusiomised iepoiis. Gieaiei coniiol ovei foimaiiing
WGiaplics Language: Reiiieves daia fiom files and display
ilem in giaplic foimai. Some may peifoim ALU opeiaiions
as well
WApplicaiion Geneiaioi: Coniain piogiammed modules ilai
can geneiaie eniiie applicaiions sucl as Web Siies
WApplicaiion sofiwaie paclage: Sofiwaie sold by commeicial
vendois ilai eliminaie ile need foi cusiom wiiiien in louse
sofiwaie
WVeiy igl level Piogiamming language: Geneiaie piogiam
code wiil fewei insiiuciions ilan liglei level languages.
i:]i:]:oii FMS-MBA(MS) i
AppllcaLlon sofLware
O Many applicaiions aie common io mosi oiganizaiions
sucl as payioll, accounis ieceivable, geneial ledgei.
O Foi sucl pioblems a geneialised sysiem will fulfill ile
iequiiemenis of many oiganizaiions.
O Cusiomizaiion allows a sofiwaie paclage io be
modified io meei an oiganizaiions unique
iequiiemenis wiiloui desiioying ile iniegiiiy of ile
paclage
O Businesses ilai aie coniinually clanging slould
ideally cusiomise ileii paclage even if ile paclage
seems compaiible
i:]i:]:oii FMS-MBA(MS) i
CosL of lmplemenLaLlon v/s
CusLomlzaLlon
i:]i:]:oii FMS-MBA(MS) :o
CuLsourclng
O Many fiims ouisouice as ouisouicing fiims lave ile
advaniages of economies of scale and ceiiain coie
compeiencies
O Also inieinal specialisis migli be unable io leep pace
wiil ieclnological clange
O Disadvaniages include :
O undeiesiimaiion of cosis of ideniificaiion of vendois
O Tiansiiion io a new vendoi
O Moniioiing vendois io see if iley aie fulfilling
coniiaciual obligaiions
i:]i:]:oii FMS-MBA(MS) :i
SuCCLS1lCnS Anu CuL8lLS
A8L WLLCCML
i:]i:]:oii FMS-MBA(MS) ::