DCS DATABASE ORGANIZATION
INTRODUCTION
Each automation function implemented
in DCS needs some entry data to run
It also generate some data for the
upper or lower Hierarchical Level
Fundamental philosophy of Distributed,
Hierarchical organized Automation
System: Automation Functions should
be stored where they are needed and
the Data where it is generated so that
only some selected data is transferred
to the upper or lower level
HIERARCHICAL DATABASE ORGANIZATION
At each hierarchical level, only
the selected data will be received
from other levels
Primary data (measured values)
and data generated in each level
is combined with the received
selected data, when automation
function is executed
The intensity of the data flow
decreases in upward direction and
increases in downward direction
Communication frequency decreases
and Response time increases in the
upward direction because:
The automation function of ‘lower
level’ implement operational tasks
whereas at ‘higher level’ – planning
and scheduling tasks
LEVEL 1 (PROCESS CONTROL)
DATABASE
LEVEL 1 (PROCESS CONTROL)
DATABASE
CONTAINS THE DATA NECESSARY TO CARRY
OUT AUTOMATION FUNCTIONS MAINLY OPEN
AND CLOSED LOOP CONTROL
LONG TERM DATA:- LOOP CONFIGURATION
DATA AND PARAMETERS OF EACH FUNCTION
BLOCK
SHORT TERM DATA:- MEASURED ACTUAL
VALUES OF PROCESS VARIABLES, SET POINT
VALUES, CALCULATED OUTPUT VALUES AND
PLANT STATUS MESSAGE
DATABASE UNIT MUST BE EFFICIENT UNDER
REAL TIME CONDITIONS – TO HANDLE LARGE
NUMBER OF SHORT LIVING DATA
LEVEL 1 (PROCESS CONTROL)
DATABASE
ALARMS AND PLANT MONITORING DATA IS
TRANSFERRED TO UPPER HIERARCHICAL LEVEL
CALCULATED SPVs AND PLANT OPERATING
COMMANDS ARE RECEIVED FROM UPPER
LEVEL
DATABASE STORAGE MEDIUM:-
SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY – RAM AND ROM
FOR BUMPLESS SYSTEM RESTART:-INITIAL
DATABASE STORED IN THE ROM AND THEN
TRANSFERRED IN TO RAM AFTER RESTART
ACCESS TIME:- FEW Ms
DATA STORAGE:- SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY
LEVEL 2 (PLANT) DATABASE
LEVEL 2 (PLANT) DATABASE
LONG TERM DATA :- DISPLAY
PARAMETERS AND PLANT’S
MATHEMATICAL MODEL DATA
SHORT TERM DATA:- STATUS AND
ALARM DATA, PROCESS PARAMETERS
AND SET POINT VALUES
LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA IS STORED
DATA ACCESS TIME:- FEW SECONDS
DATA STORAGE:- HARD DISK OR
FLASH DRIVE
LEVEL 3 (PRODUCTION)
DATABASE
LEVEL 3 (PRODUCTION) DATABASE
CONTAINS PRODUCT AND RAW MATERIAL
DATA
PRODUCTION GOALS
PLANT STATUS DATA
TRANSPORT FACILITY
LONG TERM DATA:- STSTISTICAL AND
PLANT ALARM REPORT OF LONG
DURATION STORED IN BULK MEMORIES
DATA ACCESS TIME – NOT CRITICAL
DATA TRANSFER TO UPPER AND LOWER
LEVEL IS SHOWN IN FIGURE
LEVEL 4 (MANAGEMENT)
DATABASE
LEVEL 4 (MANAGEMENT) DATABASE
CONTAINS: CUSTOMER ORDER
STATUS, PRODUCT STOCK VALUE,
RAW MATERIAL STOCK VALUE
AND ENERGY RESOURCES DATA
ALL THE DATA IS LONG-TERM
DATA
DATA ACCESS TIME – NOT
CRITICAL (FROM FEW MINITUS TO
MANY WEEKS)
DATA STORAGE – HARD DISK
O U
K Y
AN
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