DCS DATABASE ORGANIZATION

INTRODUCTION
Each automation function implemented in
DCS needs some entry data to run
It also generate some data for the upper or
lower Hierarchical Level
Fundamental philosophy of Distributed,
Hierarchical organized Automation System:
Automation Functions should be stored where
they are needed and the Data where it is
generated so that only some selected data is
transferred to the upper or lower level
HIERARCHICAL DATABASE ORGANIZATION
At each hierarchical level, only the
selected data will be received from other
levels
 Primary data (measured values) and data
generated in each level is combined with
the received selected data, when
automation function is executed
The intensity of the data flow decreases in
upward direction and increases in downward
direction
Communication frequency decreases and
Response time increases in the upward
direction because:
The automation function of ‘lower level’
implement operational tasks whereas at
‘higher level’ – planning and scheduling tasks
LEVEL 1 (PROCESS CONTROL)
DATABASE
LEVEL 1 (PROCESS CONTROL)
DATABASE
 CONTAINS THE DATA NECESSARY TO CARRY OUT
AUTOMATION FUNCTIONS MAINLY OPEN AND
CLOSED LOOP CONTROL
 LONG TERM DATA:- LOOP CONFIGURATION DATA
AND PARAMETERS OF EACH FUNCTION BLOCK
 SHORT TERM DATA:- MEASURED ACTUAL
VALUES OF PROCESS VARIABLES, SET POINT
VALUES, CALCULATED OUTPUT VALUES AND
PLANT STATUS MESSAGE
 DATABASE UNIT MUST BE EFFICIENT UNDER
REAL TIME CONDITIONS – TO HANDLE LARGE
NUMBER OF SHORT LIVING DATA
LEVEL 1 (PROCESS CONTROL)
DATABASE
ALARMS AND PLANT MONITORING DATA IS
TRANSFERRED TO UPPER HIERARCHICAL LEVEL
CALCULATED SPVs AND PLANT OPERATING
COMMANDS ARE RECEIVED FROM UPPER LEVEL
DATABASE STORAGE MEDIUM:-
SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY – RAM AND ROM
FOR BUMPLESS SYSTEM RESTART:-INITIAL
DATABASE STORED IN THE ROM AND THEN
TRANSFERRED IN TO RAM AFTER RESTART
ACCESS TIME:- FEW Ms

DATA STORAGE:- SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY

LEVEL 2 (PLANT) DATABASE
LEVEL 2 (PLANT) DATABASE
LONG TERM DATA :- DISPLAY
PARAMETERS AND PLANT’S
MATHEMATICAL MODEL DATA
SHORT TERM DATA:- STATUS AND
ALARM DATA, PROCESS PARAMETERS
AND SET POINT VALUES
LARGE AMOUNT OF DATA IS STORED
DATA ACCESS TIME:- FEW SECONDS
DATA STORAGE:- HARD DISK OR
FLASH DRIVE
LEVEL 3 (PRODUCTION) DATABASE
LEVEL 3 (PRODUCTION) DATABASE

CONTAINS PRODUCT AND RAW MATERIAL

DATA
PRODUCTION GOALS
PLANT STATUS DATA
TRANSPORT FACILITY
 LONG TERM DATA:- STSTISTICAL AND PLANT
ALARM REPORT OF LONG DURATION
STORED IN BULK MEMORIES
 DATA ACCESS TIME – NOT CRITICAL
 DATA TRANSFER TO UPPER AND LOWER
LEVEL IS SHOWN IN FIGURE
LEVEL 4 (MANAGEMENT)
DATABASE
LEVEL 4 (MANAGEMENT) DATABASE

CONTAINS: CUSTOMER ORDER

STATUS, PRODUCT STOCK VALUE,
RAW MATERIAL STOCK VALUE AND
ENERGY RESOURCES DATA
 ALL THE DATA IS LONG-TERM
DATA
DATA ACCESS TIME – NOT
CRITICAL (FROM FEW MINITUS TO
MANY WEEKS)
DATA STORAGE – HARD DISK
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