3

Lets Begin ...

Group members ..

MOHAN , MASTURA , SHAFYZA , MARIAM & NORAIN

INTRODUCTION ASSIGNMENT 1

ASSIGNMENT 2

Papaya
'Carica Papaya L'

ASSIGNMENT 3 SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

qAs all of us known Malaysia is one of the most luckiest country because it has been blessed with many species of fruits. qIn general, fruits from Malaysia can be divided into two classes, which are grown fruits and wild fruits. (buah ditanam & buah liar) q>370 species of fruit can be eaten in our country. qStudy in depth of papaya plants

Table 1 : Shows the area of the papaya plant

PENINSULAR : AREA FOR FRUIT
Types/ year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

(hector)
2007 2008 2009 2010 Average grown fruits per year

papaya 2,231

2,2026

1,552

1,259

1,213

1,207

1,439

2,257

3,116

Grown fruit per year -9.2%

-2.3% -19%

-3.7% -0.5% 19.2% 56.9% 38.1% 7.31%

Resources: Department of Agriculture

Table 2 : Shows the production of papaya in our country

PENINSULAR : AREA FOR FRUIT (hector)
Types/ year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Average grown fruits per year

Papaya 57,020

60,540 44,572

34,144

27,698

9,053

10,439

23,117

31,915 38.06% 5.21%

Grown fruit per year 6.17% 26.38% 23.40% 18.88% 67.32% 19.22% 144%

Resources: Department of Agriculture

ASSIGNMENT 1
MORFOLOGY

PL ANTING

HARVESTING

MORFOLOGY Common Name: Papaya Scientific Name: Carica Papaya Linn. Family: Caricaceae

Originated from Tropical America. Hw papaya seeds get to malaysia? Sepanyol Filipino Melaka Requires a balanced rainfall for the pollination 1200mm of rain with temperatures 21-33 C

PAPAYA STEM Hv main stem wit cylinder shape, contain latex. 10-12 feet high & 10 30cm in diameter

PAPAYA LEAVES Leaves spirally arranged in the tree (tersusun berpilin), green or greenpurple in colour, such as hand-lai leaves. Types are divided between 7-11 parts, No hair & veins very clear (urat kelihatan jelas)

FLOWERS Hv five- petalled flowers , waxy (blilin) and slightly fragrant (wangi). Male flowers hs long stalk (tangkai) 25-100 cm, & in yellow colour Female flowers single or few bunch of flowers, length (panjang) 3.5 - 5 cm, in yellow petals (bkelopak kuning).

** HOW POLLINATION TAKES PLACE IN PAPAYAS?? Wind is probably the main agent, as the pollen is light and abundant, but thrips and moths may assist. Hand pollination is sometimes necessary to get a proper fruit set.

FRUIT Round, oval, pear and elongated (memanjang) and are available in various sizes depending on the type or variations. The skin is smooth and leathery (keras), and changes from green to yellow when ripe. Young fruit is green and the ripe fruit are in yellow or orange colour normally. Papaya seeds usually small, circle and black in colour. There are hundreds of seeds in the papaya fruit

PL ANTING
The overall performance of the papaya tree is the best in the tropics, which has the characteristics of the hot temperatures, high humidity and good rainfall. In planting the plant, there is some stages need to be followed by the farmers which is :

* Land Preparation * Seed Preparation * Planting at the field * Weed management (Pgrsan rumpai) * Irrigation (Pairan)

HARVESTING

The first harvesting starts on the 7th to 8th month after planting. Fruits can be pick at the index of 2 or 3 for storage and marketing activity. Harvested fruit arranged in a plastic bag coated cloth or newspaper to prevent injury to the fruit.

Assessing Matuarity
Generally the colour stage are categorized as follows :
Index colour 1 Index colour 2 Index colour 3 Index colour 4 Index colour 5 Index colour 6 : : : : : : Green.Fruit are not mature yet and not totally rippen. Green with yellow. Suitable for export. Fruit skin more to green colour than yellow. Suitable for export. Fruit skin more to yellow colour than green. Suitable for local market. Yellow skin with green effect. Suitable for local market. Yellow skin. Fully rippen.

ASSIGNMENT 2
FRESH PRODUCT PROCESESS

CRYSTALLIZED FRUIT PROCESSES

Transport from the field

Export market Air Ship Hot treatment & disease control Grading Packaging Pre storage 10c Truck10c Ripening 25c Sale

FRESH PRODUCT PROCESESS

Selection, washing and drying

 2 ways which is manually or using the machine Can use sponge or cotton gloves to avoid the injured of the fruit Large quantity machine will be use to make works become more easier remove latex stains

CLEANIN G

 Fruit should be carefully sorted according to size, shape, and external colour. All fruit within the same market container should be identical in size, shape, and skin colour. Damaged fruit unsuitable for export and must be removed during

Gradin g

WAXIN G
Application of a surface wax will help reduce shrinkage (pengecutan) and give the fruits a glossy appearance (kelihatan berkilat). Several types of waxes, generally carnauba or shellac based formulations, work well on papaya (bkesan utk buah betik)

PACKING
For local market the fruits should be stored in a single layer of straw until they become soft. However for distant transport, the individual fruits are wrapped in newspaper/tissue paper to avoid bruising injuries during transport. Fruit should be separated and packed according to size or weight, which

 For local markets optimum temperature of 20C was found both for ripening and satisfactory storage for two weeks. Storage below 10C has been known to cause chilling injuries.
For local markets the fruits are transported in trucks while for distant markets it should be preferably sent through railways. Transportation through railways is faster and economical.

STORA GE

TR A N SPO R T

CRYSTALLIZED FRUIT PROCESSES

Scaling

Cleaning Peeling & Mixing Labelling

Cutti

Drying Packaging

Steaming Marketed

 fresh papaya wil pondered first using the semi auto scales.

Semi Auto Scales

 After that, all the fruits will be wash in the machine to ensure the cleanliness of the fruit. The fruit should be washed very carefully as it can easily be damaged.

Cleaning Machine

Peeling and Cutting

Peeling is often done manually, or with knives The skin will be remove out and the fruit will be cut into slices. All the slices will be put in a form with water imersion before going to the next process.

Steaming Machine
All the slices will be putting in steaming machine to soften the slices. After that the slices will be keeping in the refrigerator to mainting the quality of the product.

 After that slices will be mix together in mixing machine. The slices wil be add sugar, with water or fruit juice in vacuum at a temperature of 44C, for 15-20 hours.

Mixing Machine

 Dry product (Crystallized Fruit) at 55C-65C, for 10-15 hours until shortly before it reaches the desired consistency

Drying Machine

ASSIGNMENT 3
PACK AGING PRACTICES
- FRESH PRODUCT PROCESESS - CRYSTALLIZED PROCESESS -

L ABELLING & STORAGE

EQUIPMENT IN PACK AGING

Packaging practices
Papaya Packaging

Fresh product

Crystallized papaya

Packaging is the material used to protect, contain or transport a fruit

 Exsotika papaya, the most popular variety in Malaysia for exported, it packed in single-layer cartons, each with a net weight of 4 kilograms to 6 kilograms, depending on importer and importing-country requirements. Exsotika papaya are best packed on their sides, in rows, with the stem ends at an angle; interlocking rows support one another. The fruits are packed in 6 kg boxes containing usually 6-18 fruits per box. This type of packaging is normally used for export by air or for short distance transportation by sea to Hong Kong and others.

Fresh papaya packaging

DOMESTIC MARKET (PASARAN DOMESTIK )

The domestic market seldom requires value-added packaging. Therefore, fruits at colour indices 2 and 3 are packed simply and transported using trucks without refrigeration.

Crystallized papaya packaging For crystallized papaya packaging , the manufacture have use plastic as a primer

packaging and box as a secondary packaging. All the product will firstly be weight according to the net describe in the labelling. After that the plastic will be seal and vacume to maintain the quality of the product. Sealed processing will be handed using hand sealed or foot sealed machine. Hand sealer is the operational machines by hand. This machine (mesin) is used for packaging various products in plastic packaging, but also to update with aluminum foil. For the crystallized papaya products this machine help in the packaging process in small size.

Hand sealed machine

USING PLASTIC PACKAGING Crystallized packaging

Details given on packaging for the Crystallized papaya product

q q q q q q q Product name Manufacturer List of contents Weight Best before date Code number Halal logo

SUMMARY