Roldan M. de Guia, R.Ch.

Faculty of Pharmacy University of Santo Tomas

COLLAGEN
Most abundant protein in animals Water-insoluble fibers Has great tensile strength Major role: stressbearing component of connective tissues

COLLAGEN: A Triple Helix Structure

10 Structure -(-G-X-Y-)- XPro/Hyp; Yany aa - each chain is =1000 aa residues 20 Structure - Left-handed -helix - 3.3 aa/turn - Pitch: 10

COLLAGEN: A Triple Helix Structure

30 Structure - 3 chains = parallel & wind each other in a right-handed manner to form a triple-helical structure - H-bond involving HO-Pro and HO-Lys residues - intramolecular and intermolecular aldol covalent crosslinks

Procollagen

Tropocollagen

Collagen Fibrils

Collagen Diseases

ELASTIN

Connective tissue protein; has elastic properties Consists predominantly of nonpolar aa residues, 1/3 G, 1/3 V + A, rich in P Random coil conformation Intramolecular and intermolecular desmosine crosslinks

Keratin

Silk fibroin

MYOGLOBIN
Monomer Contains a heme 10 Structure: 153 aa 20 Structure: Helical [A-H] 30 Structure: Globular

HEMOGLOBIN
Tetramer: 2 2 Each subunit contains one heme 10 structure = 141 aa = 146 aa 20 structure: helical 30 structure: globular 40 structure: 4 folded chain in tetrahedral arrangement

O2 and CO2 have different binding sites Oxyhemoglobin Carbaminohemoglobin Carboxyhemoglobin Methemoglobin

Affinity of Oxygen to Hemoglobin & Myoglobin

Hemoglobin: sigmoidal curve Myoglobin: hyperbolic curve Hemoglobin exhibits positive cooperative binding of O2

Sickle-Cell Anemia

Genetically altered hemoglobin Glu6Val

INSULIN & GLUCAGON

Regulatory proteins Endocrine hormones Insulin: F cells Glucagon: E cells Carbohydrate homeostasis

Insulin

2 polypeptide chain (51 aa residues) Intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide linkage Hypoglycemic hormone

Glucagon
Single polypeptide chain (29 aa residues) Involved in increasing the blood levels of glucose

Hyperglycemia

Hypoglycemia

Diabetes mellitus

Immune response

Immunoglobulin

Immune system disorders

Autoimmune Diseases Inherited Immunodeficiency HIV

X-Linked Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID)