Coordinate Geometry

by Monica Yuskaitis

Definition  Grid A pattern of horizontal and vertical lines, usually forming squares.

Definition  Coordinate grid a grid used to locate a point by its distances from 2 intersecting straight lines.
A B C D E 1 2 3 4 5 What are the coordinates for the house?

Definition  x axis a horizontal number line on a coordinate grid.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Hint  x is the shortest and likes to lie down horizontally.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Definition  y axis a vertical number line on a coordinate grid.

6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Hint  y is the tallest and stands upright or vertically.

6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Definition  Coordinates an ordered pair of numbers that give the location of a point on a grid. (3, 4)
6 5 (3,4) 4 3 2 1 00 1 2 3 4 5 6

Hint


The first number is always the x or first letter in the alphabet. The second number is always the y the second letter in the alphabet.

6 5 (3,4) 4 3 2 1 00 1 2 3 4 5 6

How to Plot Ordered Pairs  Step 1 Always find the x value first, moving horizontally either right (positive) or left (negative). (2, 3)

6 5 4 3 2 1 00 1 2 3 4 5 6

Step 2 Starting from your new position find the y value by moving vertically either up (positive) or down (negative). 6 (2, 3) 5 4 (2,3) y 3 2 1 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 x

How to Plot Ordered Pairs

Step 1 Find how far over horizontally the point is by counting to the right (positive) or the left (negative). (5, ) 6 5 4 y 3 2 1 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 x

How to Find Ordered Pairs

How to Find Ordered Pairs  Step 2 Now count how far vertically the point is by counting up (positive) or down (negative). (5,4)

6 5 4 3 2 1 00 1 2 3 4 5 6

What is the ordered pair?

(3,5)
y
6 5 4 3 2 1 00 1 2 3 4 5 6

What is the ordered pair?

(1,1)
y
6 5 4 3 2 1 00 1 2 3 4 5 6

Four Quadrants of Coordinate Grid

 When

the number lines are extended into the negative number lines you add 3 more quadrants to the coordinate grid. y 3 2 1 0 x -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Four Quadrants of Coordinate Grid  If the x is negative you move to the left of the 0. x = -2
3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Four Quadrants of Coordinate Grid  If the y is negative you move down below the zero. y = -3
3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

How to Plot in 4 Quadrants  Step 1 - Plot the x number first moving to the left when the number is negative. (-3, -2)
3 y 2 1 0 x -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

How to Plot in 4 Quadrants  Step 2 - Plot the y number moving from your new position down 2 when the number is negative.

y 3 2 (-3, -2) 1 0 x -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

How to Plot in 4 Quadrants  When x is positive and y is negative, plot the ordered pair in this manner. y
3 2 (2, -2) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

How to Plot in 4 Quadrants  When x is negative and y is positive, plot the ordered pair in this manner. y (-2, 2)
3 2 1 0 x -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Plot This Ordered Pair (-3, -3)

3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Distance

y 5 4 3 Q (x2,y2)

P (x1, y1) y1 y2 x1 x2
x

y1

y2 1
-2 -1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5

x2

distance ? By Pythagoras Theorem,

PQ ! ( x1  x2 )  ( y1  y2 )
2 2

x1

Example

A = (-4, 2)

B=(2, -4)

(x1,y1)
2

(x2,y2)
2

AB ! ( x1  x2 )  ( y1  y2 ) ! (4  2)  ( 2  ( 4)) ! (6)  6 ! 72

2 2 2

Slope

y 5 4

P (x1, y1) y1 y2 x1 x2
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Q (x2,y2)
2 1

-2

-1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5

slope ! mPQ

slope ?
y1  y2 ! x1  x2

Topic: Point of Division

Back=>

A= (1,2), B = (8,9) and AC : CB = 3 : 4 Find C(x,y)

9 8 7 6 y

B(8,9)

4
C(x,y)

(9-y)

Point C?

5 4 3 2 A(1,2) 1

(8-x) (y -2)

(x-1)
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

-2

-1

B(8,9)

BCD

CAE
4 (9-y)

8 x 4 9-y 4 @ ! and ! x 1 3 y-2 3

C(x,y)

(8-x)

3 v 8  3x ! 4 x  4 v 1 3x  4 x ! 3 v 8  4 v 1 3 v 8  4 v1 x! 3 4

3v 9  3y ! 4 y  4 v 2 3y  4 y ! 3v 9  4 v 2 3v 9  4 v 2 y! 3 4
A(1,2)

C(x,y) 3 (y -2) (x-1) E

3
A(1,2)

C(x,y)

4
B(8,9)

Observation

Calculation

x=

3 x 8 +4 x 1 + 4 3 3 x 9 +4 x 2 3 + 4

3 v 8  4 v1 x! Section  4 3
Formula

y=

3v 9  4 v 2 y! 3 4