ERIK HOMBURGER ERIKSON

(1902-1994)

Background
Born June 15, 1902 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany Died May 12, 1994 in Harwich, Mass., U. S

Erikson Carrier
began private practice and a sequence of research appointments at: Harvard Medical School (1934-1935) Yale School of Medicine (1936-1939) University of California at Berkeley (1939-1951) Austen Riggs Center, Stockbridge, Mass. (19511960) visiting professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine (1951-1960) professor of human development and lecturer in psychiatry at Harvard University

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

1) Hopes: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infants, Birth to 12-18 Months) Psychosocial Crisis: Trust vs. Mistrust Virtue: Hope Parents, especially the mother is responsible to fulfill infant basic needs such as food, sustenance, and comfort. The child's relative understanding of world and society come from the parents and their interaction with the child. If the child were been expose to warmth, regularity, and dependable affection, they view of the world will be one of trust. If the parents fail to provide a secure environment and to meet the child's basic needs, they child will feel mistrust

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

2) Will: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (Toddlers, 18 month to 3 years) Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt Child begin to explore the world around them and constantly learning about their environment example: a child who enjoys music may like to play with the radio If parents encourage self-sufficient behavior, toddlers can develop a sense of autonomy--a sense of being able to handle many problems on their own. if parents refuse to let their children to perform tasks of which they are capable, children may instead develop shame and doubt about their ability to handle problems.

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

3) Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool, 3 to 6 years) Children will face the challenge of initiative versus guilt. They faces the difficulty of planning and developing a sense of judgment. - learns to take initiative and prepare for leadership and goal achievement roles. Child may develop negative behaviors as a result of the frustration feeling when they not being able to achieve a goal as planned By support children s efforts can also helping them make realistic and appropriate choices, independence in planning and undertaking activities. However, children will develop guilt about their goal If parent discourage their child to pursuit of independent activities

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

4) Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority (Childhood, 6 to 12 years) Children are becoming more aware of themselves as individuals.- more reasonable to share and cooperate. Children are willing to learn and accomplish more complex skills such as reading and writing and express their independence by being disobedient, using back talk and being rebellious. children start recognizing their talents and continue to discover interests as their education improves and begin to choose to do more activities to pursue that interest Children will feel lack of motivation, low self esteem, and lethargy if they are not allowed to discover own talents in their own time.