OSPF

Open Shortest Path First

Introduction
Objectives: - N m r cc khi ni m c b n c a giao th c OSPF - Hi u c ph ng php tm ng i c a OSPF - C u hnh c b n v nng cao.

Introduction to OSPF
OSPF l giao th c c s d ng ph bi n nh t. Vi c n m c n l m t i u r t quan tr ng. Gi tin OSPF: - Data Link Frame: - IP Packet: + a ch g i: multicast (224.0.0.5 (s d ng cho all router) /224.0.0.6 (s d ng cho DR/BDR)). + Protocol Field = 89 - OSPF Packet Header: + Type code: Ch ra lo i gi tin (Hello, Database Desc, Link state Request, Link state Upate, Stae Ack.) + Router ID & Area ID: Phn bi t gi a cc router v khu v c s d ng.

OSPF Packet Types

1. Hello: Pht hi n v ti pht hi n cc router hng xm, thi t l p m i quan h adjacency. 2. Database Description (DBD): ng b c s d li u gi a cc router. Trong m t area, cc router ph i c m t csdl (topology) gi ng h t nhau. 3. Link-state Request (LSR): Yu c u v m t vng m ng. 4. Link-state Update (LSD): g i tr v cc thng tin cho request ho c c p nh t s thay i trong vng m ng. 5. Link-state Acknowledgement (LSAck): m b o vi c truy n tin tin c y.

Hello Packet
- Gi tin hello c trao i gi a 2 con neighbor v i nhau tr c khi thi t l p m i quan h adjency. Cc tr ng thng tin: - Type: - Router ID: - Area ID: - Network Mask: subnet mask c a interface g i i - Hello Interval: 10s vs 30s - Router Priority: L a ch n router DR hay BDR trong cc vng m ng Broadcast multiaccess. - Router Dead Interval: = 4 l n hello interval (t ng t holdtime c a EIGRP). - Designated Router (DR): - Backup DR (BDR): - List of neighbor(s):

Link-state Upade Packet

LSU chia thnh 10 lo i gi tin khc nhau, ph thu c vo cc lo i router: Type Description 1 Router LSAs 2 Network LSA: g i b i router DR, li t k cc router ID c a cc router trong vng multiaccess. 3/4 Summary LSA: S d ng cc router bin, qu ng b OSPF vo cc area khc.

C u hnh c b n OSPF

OSPF Configuration
R(config)#router ospf <proccess_ID> process_ID k c n ph i gi ng nhau. (khc vs EIGRP) --> R(config-router)#network <network_address> <wildcard_mask> area <area_number> Trong gio trnh CCNA, ta s d ng n vng nn <area_number> = 0. Gi tr ny ph i chung nh t. VD: R(config)#router ospf 1 network 172.16.1.16 0.0.0.15 area 0 Cn m t vi cch lm khc: - Th c hi n summary lun cc vng m ng sau qu ng b. - Ko quan tm n a ch cc interface: cu l nh: network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0.

C u hnh chu n
Khuy n co s d ng cch sau y: Ch ra chnh xc a ch c a interface v wildcard mask = 0.0.0.0 --> Gim st c vi c ch y ospf trn interface no. Ex: Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.17 0.0.0.0 area 0

Router ID
S d ng nh danh cho cc router trong 1 area. nh danh router id cho m t router s d ng ospf, ta c th dng cu l nh router-id v i vi c s d ng 1 d i ip nh danh: (config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 (example - n ch l 1 a ch ). - Trong tr ng h p trn router ko thi t l p router id, router s l a ch n interface loopback c a ch ip cao nh t lm router id (nh l loopback nh :D) --> khuy n ngh - Trong tr ng h p ko s d ng router id v loopback, n s l y a ch cao nh t c a interface m ang ho t ng (active) lm router id ( i u ny c ngh a l interface ko nh t thi t xi OSPF).--> f ng fp ny k khuy n ngh , do c ng v t l c th h ng.

Ki m tra Router ID
#show ip protocols Details: - Router ID 192.168.10.5 S d ng Loopback lm ID: ch c n t o ra loopback v gn ch IP cho n. Ki m tra ho t ng c a OSPF: #show ip ospf neighbor (Nh EIGRP) Details: Router ID Pri State Dead Time a

Address Interface (neighbor) (local)

Ki m tra OSPF
show ip ospf interface <type> <port> show ip route

Metric c a OSPF
Metric: cost i v i cc router c a cisco, cost c tnh d a trn ngh ch c a b ng thng. (10^8/bps) ex: Fast Ethernet 10^8/100,000,000 bps = 1 Ethernet 10^8/10,000,000 bps = 10. v.v... o

Default Bandwidth vs Actual Bandwidth

- OSPF s d ng b ng thng m c nh, nn c th tnh ton sai so v i th c t . Do ta c n c u hnh l i. (config-if)#bandwidth 64 (kbps) ho c: (config-if)#ip ospf cost 1562 (tnh ton d a trn bandwidth). i khi trong th c t , ta l i mu n "b cong" gi tr ny so vs th c t .

OSPF v Multiacess

OSPF Network Type

- Point - to - Point - Broadcast Multiaccess - Nonbroadcast Multiaccess. VD: Frame Relay - Point - to - Multipoint - Virtual links.

Challenges in multiaccess Network

- Adjacency c j khc neighbors? DR v BDR. Trong vng m ng multiaccess s b u ch n ra m t router l DR, m t router s l BDR. DR v BDR s thi t l p adjacency v i t t c router cn l i. Sending & Receiving LSA

DR/BDR Election
L a ch n DR/BDR nh th no? - DR c l y t router c Priority cao nh t, ti p theo l BDR N u cng priority? S d ng Router ID. Thay i Priority (config-if)#ip ospf priority {0 - 255} Ch : - Qu trnh th c hi n l a ch n DR v BDR s c th c hi n ngay khi router u tin ch y ospf. - Khi DR c l a ch n, n ti p t c lm cho n khi x y ra: + DR fail. + OSPF ko cn ch y trn DR fail. + Interface ang k t n i vo vng m ng multiaccess ko ch y.

Force Election DR/BDR

T t h t interface i r i m l i shutdown no shutdown Ch n router c priority cao nh t

u tin.

Redistributing an OSPF Default route

t ng t RIPv2: (config-router)#default-information originate Detail: O*E2 (External Type 2). Type 2: metric khng thay i. Type 1: c ng thm cost c a

ng link.

Reference Bandwidth
C th t ng s tham chi u (10^8) ln: (config-router)#auto-cost reference-bandwidth 10000 (Mbps)

Modifying OSPF Timers

(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval seconds (config-if)#ip ospf dead-interval seconds Cc gi tr timer gi a hai neighbor ph i gi ng nhau, b o ng b topology gi a 2 router. m

C u hnh nng cao

Authentication
1. Clear Text (config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key <password> ip ospf authentication 2. MD5 (config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key <key-id> md5 <key> (config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest

Redistribution
Qu ng b gi a cc giao th c nh tuy n khc nhau: RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF. 1. Qu ng b EIGRP, OSPF vo RIP router rip redistribute eigrp 100 metric 1 redistribute ospf 1 metric 1 2. Qu ng b RIP, OSPF --> EIGRP router eigrp 100 redistribute ospf 1 metric 100000 100 255 1 1500 redistribute rip metric 100000 100 255 1 1500 3. Qu ng b RIP, EIGRP --> OSPF router ospf 1(m c nh nh n vo l metric = 20) redistribute rip [subnets] [metric-type 1] [metric 30] redistribute eigrp 100 ....