INTELLIGENCE: STEINBERG and GARDNERs THOERIES QUESTION: Are test scores accurate measure of SUCCESS and INTELLIGENCE?

STEINBERGs INTELLIGENCE THEORY

Practical Ability

Creative Ability

Analytical Ability

Adapting to ones environment

Shaping ones environment

Selecting a different environment

Solving novel and unfamiliar problems

Using prior knowledge and cognitive skills to solve problems and learn new information

ROBERT STERNBERGs TRIACHIC THEORY or SUCCESSFUL INTELLIGENCE / THE THREE INTELLIGENCES or ABILITIES
SUCCESSFUL INTELLIGENCES or ABILITIES: The integrated set of abilities needed to attain success in life, however an individuals defines it, within his or her sociocultural context. Intelligence has many facets, or dimensions, and that traditional mental ability tests measure just a few of these facets. 1.ANALYTICAL INTELLIGENCE: the ability to analyze and evaluate ideas, solve problems and make decisions. It involves breaking ideas and products into their component parts, making judgements, evaluating, comparing and contrasting, and critiquing. 1.CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE: involves going beyond what is given to generate novel and interesting ideas. It involves inventing, discovering, imagining, and supposing. 1.PRACTICAL INTELLIGENCES: the ability that individuals use to find the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment. It involves applying knowledge to everyday situations, using knowledge and tools, and seeking relevance.

GARDERs THEORY of MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES:

It is of utmost importance that we recognize and nurture all of the varied human intelligences, and all of the combinations of intelligences.We are all so different largely because we all have different combinations of intelligences. Howard Gardner (1987) Gardner suggests that students may demonstrate particular aptitude in one or more of the following domains: INTELLIGENCE: the capacity to solve problems or fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural setting What are examples of products valued in more cultural settings?

SEVEN INTELLIGENCES:
1. LINGUISTICS: involves having mastery with language. This includes the ability to effectively manipulate language to express oneself rhetorically or poetically. It also allows one to use language as a means to remember information. Macro skills of reading, writing, speaking, listening 2. LOGICAL / MATHEMATICAL: ability to detect patterns, reasons deductively and think logically. This is most associated scientific and mathematical thinking. 3. VISUAL / SPATIAL: working with images, mind mapping, gives one the ability to manipulate and create mental images in order to solve problems. This is not limited to visual domains. Examples are visualizing, drawing 4. MUSICAL: encompasses the capability to recognize and compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms. Examples include rhythm, melody, patterned sound, song, rap, dance

5. BODILY / KINESTHETIC: the ability to use ones mental abilities to coordinate ones own bodily movements. It is also the processing information through touch, movement, dramatics 6. THE PERSONAL INTELLIGENCES: A. INTERPERSONAL: the ability to understand and discern the feelings and intentions of others. Examples are sharing, cooperating, interviewing, relating B. INTRAPERSONAL: the ability to understand ones own feelings and motivation. Examples are working alone, self-paced instruction, individualized project 7. NATURALISTIC / ECOLOGICAL: awareness of the natural world and our relationship to it

NOTES:
These intelligences are used CONCURRENTLY and typically complement each other as individuals develop skills or solve problems. All intelligences are needed to productively function in society. Everyone is born possessing these intelligences.