OCCLUSION IN COMPLETE DENTURE

Introduction
What is Occlusion? Occlusion is a relationship between the occlusal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular teeth when they are in contact.

Ideal Requirements Of Complete Denture Occlusion

- Stability of denture and occlusion in centric and eccentric relation - Balanced occlusal contact in all eccentric movements. - Reduced cuspal height to control horizontal forces. - Functional lever balance sholud be obtained by vertical tooth to ridge crest relationship - Cutting,penetrating and shearing efficiency of the occlusal surface - Incisal clearance during posterior functions like chewing - Minimal area of contact to reduce pressure while crushing food

Units In Complete Denture Occlusion

INCISAL UNIT : Includes four incisors WORKING UNIT : Includes Canine and Posterior teeth of the sides toward which mandible moves BALANCING UNIT : Includes canine and posterior teeth opposite to the working side.

Ideal Requirements Of Occlusal Units

INCISAL UNIT 1)Sharp incisal edges 2)No contact during mastication 3)Shallow incisal guidance 4)Increased horizontal overlap WORKING UNIT 1)Cusp for grinding and cutting efficiency 2)Smaller buccolinual width 3)Plane of occlusion parallel to the plane of ridge 4)Occlusal load directed to the anteroposterior centre of denture BALANCING UNIT 1)Second molar Should be in contact during protrusive action 2)They should have contact along with the working side at the end of 3)Smooth guiding contacts for lateral and protrusive movements

chewing cycle

CONCEPTS OF OCCLUSION
y BALANCED OCCLUSION y NON-BALANCED OCCLUSION y LINGUALIZED OCCLUSION

BALANCED OCCLUSION
y DEFINITION:-

The simultaneous contacting of the maxillary and mandibular teeth on the right and left and in the posterior and anterior occlusal areas in centric and eccentric positions, developed to lessen or limit tipping or rotating of the denture bases in relation to the supporting structures. It is associated cusp form posterior teeth

BALANCED OCCLUSION(contd.)
y REQUIREMENTS:-

All the teeth of working side should glide evenly against opposing teeth No single tooth should produce any interference or any disocclusion There should be contacts in balancing side but they should not interfere with smooth gliding movements of working side There should be simultaneous contact during protrusion

BALANCED OCCLUSION(contd.)
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS:Ideal balance can be achieved in cases with wide and large ridges and in complete dentures with teeth arranged close to the ridge Complete dentures that have teeth arranged away from the ridge and those that rest on narrow and short ridges will have poor balanced occlusion Teeth that have narrow buccolingual width provide ideal balanced occlusion Ideal balance can be achieved by arranging the teeth slightly on lingual side of ridge

BALANCED OCCLUSION(contd.)
y TYPES:-

- UNILATERAL BALNCED OCCLUSION - BILATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION - PROTRUSIVE BALANCED OCCLUSION - LATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION

BALANCED OCCLUSION(contd.)
y UNILATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION

Occlusal surfaces of teeth on one side when they occlude simultaneously with smooth uninterrupted glide Related to FPD
y BILATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION

Simultaneous contact occurs on both sides in centric and eccentric relations

BALANCED OCCLUSION(contd.)
y PROTRUSIVE BALANCED OCCLUSION

When mandible moves in forward direction and the occlusal contacts are smooth and simultaneous anteriorly and posteriorly.
y LATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION

Minimal simultaneous three point contact present during lateral movement of mandible

BALANCED OCCLUSION(contd.)
y FACTORS INFLUENCING BALANCED OCCLUSION

Inclination of condylar path or condylar guidance Incisal guidance Orientation of plane of occlusion or occlusal plane Cuspal angulation Compensating curves

NON-BALANCED OCCLUSION
y DEFINITION:-

It is an arrangement of teeth with form or purpose It is used to set non-anatomic teeth in occlusion It includes following concepts Spherical theory Organic or Organised occlusion Occlusal balancing ramps for protrusive balance Transographics

NON-BALANCED OCCLUSION (contd.)

Spherical theory According to this theory,anteroposterior and mesiodistal inclines of artificial teeth should be arranged in harmony with spherical surface. Organic occlusion Arrangement of teeth should relate the occlusal elements of teeth so that teeth will be in harmony with muscles and joints in function It has 3 phases of mutually interdependent protecttion - Posterior teeth should protect anterior teeth in centric occlusal position - The maxillary incisors should have vertical overlap sufficient to provide the separation of the posterior teeth when incisors are in end to end contact - In lateral mandibular positions outside the masticatory cyclic movements the cuspid should prevent the contact of all other teeth

NON-BALANCED OCCLUSION (contd.)

General considerations:Opposing teeth should not contact when jaws are in eccentric relation since it may give destabilizing forces to the basal seat area Tooth contact should occur only when the mandible is in centric relation to maxilla The patient should be encouraged to repeat mandibular movements till there is no discomfort in centric relation

LINGUALIZED OCCLUSION
It involves the use of large palatal cusps against wide lower central fossa

Maxillary palatal cusps are main functional occlusal elements

Characteristics

BALANCED OCCLUSION

NON-BALANCED OCCLUSION

LINGUALIZED OCCLUSION

1.Better Esthetics

2.Ease of penetration

3.Denture stability during parafunctional movements + +

4.Simple techinique

Characteristics

BALANCED OCCLUSION

NON-BALANCED OCCLUSION +

LINGUALIZED OCCLUSION +

5.Decreased lateral forces

6.Ease of adjustment

7.Class II and III jaw relations

8.Good stability, forces centralized & neutralized