Distributed Small Scale Power Plant (DSSPP) in Indonesia

By : Ir. Djuwarno, MM Chairman INDONESIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY SOCIATY (IRES)

Jl. Duren Tiga No. 101 Pancoran Jakarta 12760 Ph. 62-21-79198581, Fax. 62-21-79198581 E-mail : metiires@centrin.net.id

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Governments Policy on Renewable Energy

Electricity Law No. 20/2002 states that Renewable Energy is the first priority for providing electricity in the country. Utilization of Renewable Energy will be part of Governments policy in promoting Green Energy Program under the proposed Energy Law.

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Indonesian Territory Map

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PLNs Installed Capacity

Total Capacity : 20,930 MW
749.5 MW Geothermal, 3.5%

6864 MW Combined Cycle, 32.2%

6770 MW Steam, 31.8%

1225 MW Gas Turbine, 5.8%

2585 MW Diesel, 12.1%

3106 MW Hydro, 14.6%

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Electricity Supply - Demand Forecast

Description Java Bali Energy Sales (TWh) Growth Rate (%) Peak Demand (MW) 69.12 11.5 13.326 74.82 6.5 14.174 20.78 81.74 6.7 14.862 21.74 89.27 7.0 15.844 22.80 97.47 7.3 16.965 23.95 106.22 7.2 18.168 25.16 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

No. of Customers (Mio) 20.12 Outer Islands Energy Sales (TWh) Growth Rate (%) Peak Demand (MW) No. of Customers (Mio) 16.41 7.3 3.85 9.48

17.63 7.4 4.12 9.95

19.39 10.0 4.52 10.69

21.41 10.4 4.98 11.50

23.72 10.8 5.50 12.38

26.28 10.8 6.07 13.32

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Indonesians Renewable Energy Potential

Energy Sources Hydro (Big scale) Mini & Micro Hydro Geothermal Biomass Potential (MW) 75,674 Installed (MW) 3,106 Expected Invest. US$/kW 2,000 3,000 Expected Energy Cost US$/kWh -

230,913 19,658 49.807 4-6.5 kWh/m2/day 3-6 m/sec

32 & 22 749.5 177.8

1,000 2,900 910 1,500 1,200 1,500

0.025 0.069 0.03 0.05 Vary

Solar Win

5 0.5

9,000 15,000 1,000 1,500

12 0.05 0.06

Utilization of Renewable Energy could significantly reduce oil consumption in the country, that is expected to diminution.
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Potential of Mini and Micro Hydro in Major Islands

Location SUMATRA KALIMANTAN SULAWESI MALUKU NUSA TENGGARA IRIAN/PAPUA TOTAL
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Expected Potential Capacity (kW) 39,954 8,987 141,824 2,941 24,274 12,933 230,913
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Potential & Status Hydro

Indonesias total potential of hydro plant is about 75 GW. Potential in Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan and Other Islands is 4.2 GW, 15.6 GW, 21.6 GW, and 33,6 GW respectively. Currently, total installed capacity of hydro plant is just about 6% of its total potential. By 1997 about 32 MW Mini Hydro and 22 MW Micro Hydro had been installed (less than 0.1% of its total potential)
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Potential & Status Geothermal

Mostly located in Java, Sumatra, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi and Maluku. Total identified potential of 70 fields is about 19.658 MW. Total Installed capacity, currently is 749,5 MW, mostly they are interconnected into PLNs network system at 55 MW sizes.

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Distribution of Geothermal Prospect in Indonesia

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Potential & Status Biomass

Total potential is 48,807.3 MW. Mostly for electricity generation utilizing farming/plantation waste (rice Husk skin, coconut shell, empty palm oil bunch, bagasse), woods, garbage, etc Total potential in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, and others Islands is 1800 MW, 500 MW, 800 MW, 380 MW and 120 MW, respectively. Total installed capacity, currently is 177,98 MW.

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Potential & Status Solar

Most area in Sulawesi, Bali and Irian Jaya has a high heat radiation of 6 6.5 kWh/m2/day. Mountain area in Irian Jaya, Sulawesi Java, has an average heat radiation of 4.5 5.5 kWh/m2/day. Low terrain area in Kalimantan, Java, and Sumatera, has an average heat radiation of 4 5 kWh/m2/day. Total installed capacity is about 5 MW, mostly used for households.
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Potential & Status Wind

Most of equatorial area is likely to have less wind Total potential is 448 MW. Total current installed capacity is 0,5 MW, mostly used for electricity, pumping, refrigeration and batteraycharging. Most potential area such as Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi have potential of wind energy at about 10 100 kW sizes.

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Benefits of Developing DSSPP

Create a better social life to local community surrounding the Project (Better Irrigation for Farming, Fishery, etc). Gives more sustainable electricity supply in the long run. Give mutual benefit to local community, local government as well as investors.

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Community Based Development

Benefits of Developing DSSPP under Community Based Development Concept :
Give mutual benefit to local community, investor and government. More Oriented to encourage participation of local community.

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Business Scheme On Gird

Interconnected to Low Voltage System

DSSPP

~
Interconnected to Medium Voltage System

DSSPP

Low Voltage Transmission Lines

Medium Voltage Customer

Medium Voltage Transmission Lines

Low Voltage Customer

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Business Scheme Off Grid

DSSPP generates and transmits electricity directly to consumers.

GENERATION

CONSUMPTION

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Electricity Tariff for DSSPP < 1.0 MW

Interconnection to Medium Voltage Transmission System Low Voltage Distribution System Tariff 0.8 x PLNs Medium Voltage Production Cost

0.6 x PLNs Low Voltage Production Cost

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Community Based Development

User Operator Worker during Erection Activity

Local Community

Promoting utilization of DSSPP

Others :
-NGO -University

Investor
Project Sponsor Financing Built Power Plant

Local Government
Facilitator Permits Land
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Next 5 Years DSSPP Project Planning For Mini/Micro Hydro Plant

Financed by ADB Loan (PLNs Project) :
Tatui MH 1,100 kW Serui Papua Amai MH -1,100 kW Jayapura Papua Prafi MH 1,000 kW Manokwari Papua Lobong MH 1,300 kW Kotamobagu East Kalimantan Mongango MH 1,700 kW Gorontalo North Sulawesi.

Developed by IPP :
Kalumpang MH 1,700 kW Luwuk North Sulawesi Hanga-hanga MH 2 x 1,700 kW Luwuk North Sulawesi Mangani MH 1,200 kW West Sumatra Cileunca (3 x 300 kW) and Ketenger 4 (600 kW) West Java
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Identified Constrain in Developing DSSPP

Mostly located in an isolated area :
Limited access road Limited infrastructure. Limited well educated people to operate power plant. Mostly for Households having limited purchasing power.

After economic crisis, Government have very limited financing to support development of DSSPP. It is very welcome to private company to participate in developing DSSPP.
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

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