7E Acids and alkalis

7E Acids and alkalis

Acids and alkalis Indicators Neutralisation
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7E Acids and alkalis

Acids and alkalis

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7E Acids and alkalis - Where are they found?

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7E Acids and alkalis - Concentrated and dilute

Compare the particle model of a concentrated acid with a weak acid. concentrated acid weak acid

Which sentence best describes which acid?

A. This acid has only a few acid particles compared to water particles. B. This acid has a lot of acid particles compared to water particles.

Why is a dilute acid less hazardous than a concentrated acid?

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7E Acids and alkalis - True or false?

True or False?
6. The acid are dangerous and an Latin pancakes is which 5. 4. 3. Pureword acidnot thatacid dangerous word acere 2. Acidswateralkalis comes orthe alkali. skin. 1. All acids some comes arefrom put burnto taste andcalled and alkali an from tocan on is people like the Arabic al-qily ethanoic acid.ashes. means plant touch are sweet. meaning called caustic. Only strong acids are dangerous. Weakerthe FALSE!Pure wateracid is used to make name for alkalis TRUE! Arabic are called acere meansnature, FALSE! Ethanoic is called neutral. Dangerous They chemists the chemical alkalis from corrosive. In sour. FALSE! vinegar. Vinegar on pancakes - YUCK! skin. The Latin word acid, are not harmful to acids, like weakly acidic and seawater is rainwaterof citric ashes.caustic. remains is plant calledbitter taste. are sometimes Acids have a sour or Most alkaline. weaklypeople prefer citric acid in lemon juice.

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7E Acids and alkalis

Indicators

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7E Indicators - What is an indicator?

How can you tell if a solution is an acid or an alkali? Some chemicals have different colours in acid or alkaline solutions. These coloured chemicals are called indicators. Litmus indicator is a vegetable dye.

Litmus is always red in an alkali. Litmus is purple in water. Litmus is always blue in an acid.

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7E Indicators Litmus test

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7E Indicators Universal and pH scale

How can you tell if an acid or alkali is weak or strong? To tell the strength of an acid or alkali we need an accurate indicator called

universal indicator
Universal indicator is a mixture of several indicators. It shows the strength of acids and alkalis based on the

pH scale
pH FACT: The pH scale was invented in 1909 by Soren Sorenson, a Danish chemist who was working on beer quality!
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7E Acids and alkalis

Neutralisation

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7E Neutralisation - What is neutralisation?

acid + universal indicator

alkali + universal indicator

An acid has a pH less than 7.

An alkali has a pH greater than 7.

What happens to pH when an alkali is added to an acid?

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7E Neutralisation - What is neutralisation?

Mix an acid and an alkali together and a chemical reaction takes place.

Why has the indicator turned green?

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7E Neutralisation - What is neutralisation?

If the right amounts of an acid and an alkali are added together the pH of the mixture changes to neutral (pH 7). This reaction is neutralisation.

acid + alkali

neutral solution

What would happen to the pH value if more acid was added to the mixture? What would happen to the pH value if more alkali was added to the mixture?

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7E Neutralisation - Using neutralisation

Neutralisation can be a very useful reaction. Match each problem with the correct neutralising treatment. Acidic problem
1. Indigestion caused by too much stomach acid 2. Acid rain pollutes lakes and poisons wildlife 3. Power stations produce gas which forms acid rain 4. Nettle sting contains acid which irritates skin 5. Mouth bacteria produce acid from sugary foods

Neutralising treatment
A. Rub with leaves of alkaline plant B. Regular brushing with alkaline toothpaste C. Antacid tablets D. Calcium carbonate neutralises acidic gas before it is released E. Calcium carbonate reduces acidity of water

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