Hygiene

is the science of health and its maintenance. Personal hygiene is the selfcare by which people attend to such functions as bathing, toileting, general body hygiene, and grooming.

 Early

morning care

Providing urinal or bedpan, washing

the face and hands, giving oral care

Morning

care

Providing for elimination needs,

Providing bath or shower, perineal care, back massage, oral, nail & hair care

 Afternoon

care

Providing a bedpan or urinal, washing the

hands and face, assisting with oral care

Hours

of sleep (HS) care

Providing for elimination needs, washing

face and hands, giving oral care, giving back massage

As-needed

care (prn) care

 Culture Religion Environment Developmental

level Health and energy Personal preferences

 Is

the largest organ of the body and has multiple functions. The integumentary system is made up of the skin, the subcutaneous layer directly under the skin, and the appendages of the skin, including glands in the skin, hair, and nails.

Protects underlying tissues from injury Regulates the body temperature Secretes sebum Transmits sensations thrugh nerve receptors Produces and absorbs vitamin D in conjunction with ultraviolet rays from the sun

INSPECTION and PALPATION When assisting with bathing and other hygienic care, the nurse often has the opportunity to collect data about skin color, uniformity of color, texture, turgor, temperature, intactness, and lesions.
Involves

Abrasion
Superficial layers of

the skin are scraped or rubbed away. Area is reddened and may have localized bleeding or serous weeping.

Excessive Dryness
Skin can appear flaky

and rough

Ammonia Dermatitis (Diaper Rash)

Caused by skin

bacteria reacting with urea in the urine. The skin becomes reddened and sore.

Acne
Inflammatory

condition with papules and pustules

Erythema
Redness associated

with a variety of conditions, such as rashes, exposure to sun, elevated body temperature, prolonged pressure to area.

Hirsutism
Excessive hair on a

persons body and face, particularly in women.

intact, healthy skin is the bodys first line of defense. The degree to which the skin protects the underlying tissues from injury depends on the general health of the cells, the amount of subcutaneous tissue, and the dryness of the skin.
An

in contact with the skin for more than a short time can result in increased bacterial growth and irritation. Body odors are caused by resident skin bacteria acting on body secretions.
Moisture

 Skin

sensitivity to irritation and injury varies among individuals and in accordance with their health. Agents used for skin care have selective actions and purposes

 Soap Detergent Bath

oil Skin cream, lotion Powder Deodorant Antiperspirant

 Bathing

removes accumulated oil, perspiration, dead skin cells, and some bacteria. In addition to cleaning the skin, bathing also stimulates circulation.

 Bathing

also produces a sense of well-being in clients. Bathing offers excellent opportunity for the nurse to assess all clients.

Cleaning baths
Complete bed bath Self-help bed bath Partial bath (abbreviated bath) Towel bath Bag bath Tub bath Shower

Therapeutic baths (e.g. Sitz bath)