Management

What is Management?

Management


Management means getting things done through other people effectively and efficiently. Stephen Robbins Thus, the primary job of all managers is to get things done, effectively & efficiently through other people.

Management


Effectiveness is the ability to determine appropriate objectives. It means doing the right things. Efficiency is the ability to minimize the use of resources in achieving organizational objectives. It means doing things right.

Management


Effectiveness is the key to organization s success. Before we can focus on doing things efficiently, we need to be sure we have found the right things to do. Peter Drucker

What Managers Do?

Management Functions

Management Functions


Management Functions
    

Planning Organizing Commanding Coordinating Controlling

Henri Fayol

Management Functions


In modern literature, all the management functions have been broadly clubbed as:
   

Planning Organizing Leading Controlling

Management Functions


Planning defining an organization s goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. In simple terms, planning is the process of establishing goals and a suitable course of action for achieving those goals.

Management Functions


Organizing determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. Thus, it is the process of arranging and allocating work, authority, and resources among organizational members so that they can achieve the organizational goals.

Management Functions


Leading motivating employees, directing the activities of others, and resolving conflicts among members. In other words, it is the process of directing, influencing and motivating employees to perform essential tasks and thereby achieve the organizational goals.

Management Functions


Controlling ensuring that things are going as they should, monitoring performance and correcting in case of significant deviations. In simple terms, controlling is the process of ensuring that actual activities conform to planned activities.

Management Functions


Thus, in reply to the question as to What managers do? , we can say that all managers plan, organize, lead and control. It is to be noted, however, that the percentage of time allocated to the various functions differs with the different levels of management.

Management: An Interactive Process

Planning: Managers use logic and methods to think through goals & actions Controlling Managers make sure an organization is moving towards organizational goals Organizing Managers arrange and allocate work authority and resources to achieve organizational goals

Leading Managers direct, influence and motivate employees to achieve the goals

Management: An Interactive Process



Thus, in practice, the management process does not involve four separate or loosely related sets of activities but a group of interrelated functions. Planning, organizing, leading and controlling are the simultaneous and interconnected actions that keep managers busy.

Management: An Interactive Process



Thus, on the basis of functions: Management may be defined as the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of organization members and of using all available organizational resources to reach stated organizational goals. Stoner, Freeman & Gilbert